| A | B |
|---|
| Tammany Hall | the name given to the Democratic political machine that dominated New York City politics from the mayoral victory of Fernando Wood in 1854 through the election of Fiorello LaGuardia in 1934 |
| William Jennings Bryan | At the 1896 Democratic National Convention, he delivered his "Cross of Gold speech" which attacked the gold standard and the eastern moneyed interests. |
| Alfred T. Mahan | believed that national greatness was inextricably associated with the sea, with its commercial use in peace and its control in war |
| Roosevelt Corollary | not only were the nations of the Western Hemisphere not open to colonization by European powers, but that the United States had the responsibility to preserve order and protect life and property in those countries |
| "Big Stick Policy" | foreign policy advocated by Theodore Roosevelt |
| Columbia | a revolt in this country allowed the United States to build a canal connecting the Atlantic and the Pacific Oceans |
| Hay-Bunau Treaty | signed on November 18, 1903, by the United States and Panama, which established the Panama Canal Zone and the subsequent construction of the Panama Canal. |
| Dollar Diplomacy | a form of American foreign policy associated with William Howard Taft meant to further America's aims in Latin America and East Asia through use of its economic power by guaranteeing loans made to foreign countries |
| Moral Diplomacy | the system promoted by Woodrow Wilson in which support is given only to countries whose moral beliefs are analogous to that of the United States |
| Gentlemen's Agreement | The agreement banned emigration of Japanese laborers to the US and rescinded the segregation order of the San Francisco School Board in California, which had humiliated and angered the Japanese. |
| the "insular cases" | a series of rulings stating that the Constitution fully applied only in incorporated territories (Alaska and Hawaii) but not in unincorporated territories (Guam and the Philippines). |
| reasons for U.S. imperialism | foreign markets were essential to further economic growth due to overproduction, need to spread America culture to underdeveloped regions, expansion was needed for the U.S. to become a world power |
| example of the Monroe Doctrine | Richard Olney, the secretary of state under President Cleveland, ordered Britain to settle a boundary dispute it had with Venezuela through U.S. arbitration. |
| Open Door Policy | American policy forwarded by Secretary of State John Hay focused on maintaining an open door to trade with the abundant Chinese markets. |
| Valeriano Weyler | sent to Cuba in 1888 to quell the disorder caused by the insurrectos, revolutionaries fi ghting for Cuban independence under the leadership of José MartÃ; set up concentration camps to crush the rebellions |
| U.S.S. Maine | an American naval ship that sank in Havana Harbor during the Cuban revolt against Spain, an event that became a major political issue in the United States and led to the breakout of the Spanish-American War |
| Yellow Journalism | sensationalized news reporting used by the major newspapers to compete for readers (i.e., the reporting that led to the outbreak of the Spanish-American War) |
| Teller Amendment | the U.S. pledged to help Cuba gain independence and then withdraw all its troops from the country. |
| Guam, the Philippines, Cuba, Puerto Rico | territories secured by the United States in the Treaty of Paris of 1898 |
| Platt Amendment | limited the rights of Cuba to make treaties with other nations. |
| Anti-Imperialists arguments | violated self-determination, overseas empire would be too costly, would require a large army, would lead to an influx of immigrants |
| Booker T. Washington | focused first on social equality for African Americans earned through the hard work |
| W.E.B. DuBois | sought immediate political and economic equality for African Americans alongside social equality |
| Lincoln Steffens | muckraking journalist concerned with the corruption of city governments |
| Upton Sinclair | muckraking journalist concerned with the plight of workers in the meatpacking industry |
| Ida Tarbell | muckraking journalist concerned with the monopolistic practices of the Standard Oil Company |
| Jacob Riis | muckraking journalist concerned with the living conditions of the poor in the slums of New York City |
| Muller v. Oregon | Supreme Court decision that upheld the right of states to enforce limits on the hours a woman was required to work because of health-related reasons |
| Robert La Follette | governor of Wisconsin and advocate of progressive reform within his state that fought against railroad trusts and corrupt political machines |
| Clayton Anti-Trust Act | applied anti-trust laws to labor unions, illegalized price discrimination, regulated business mergers, defined holding companies |
| Elkins Act | forced railroads to notify the public if they changed their rates, and it made it illegal for railroads to off er or receive rebates. |
| Hepburn Act | allowed the Interstate Commerce Commission (created under the Interstate Commerce Act of 1887) to set maximum rates for the railroads |
| Roosevelt/Taft | distinguished good trusts from bad trusts/actively went after all trusts that were in violation of the law. |
| Federal Reserve System | sets the nation's monetary policy, supervises and regulates banking institutions, maintains the stability of the financial system, and provides financial services to depository institutions, the U.S. government, and foreign official institutions. |
| Woodrow Wilson's New Freedom | tariffs should be lowered, trusts should be broken up not regulated, government should remain small |
| Hull House | provided services and classes to the community to help immigrants succeed. Some of the services off ered were English language courses, assistance to widows, and basic health services. |
| Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire | better building access and egress, fireproofing requirements, the availability of fire extinguishers, the installation of alarm systems and automatic sprinklers, better eating and toilet facilities for workers, and limited the number of hours that women and children could work |
| Susan B. Anthony | American social reformer and women's rights activist who played a pivotal role in the women's suffrage movement |
