| A | B |
|---|
| Dred Scott case | Supreme Court rules slaves property of their masters, and that Congress did not have the authority to prohibit slavery in the territories; angered the North and helped the South |
| Emancipation Proclamation | ended slavery in the seceding states and then made the Civil War a struggle to end slavery |
| 13th Amendment | abolished slavery in the U.S. |
| Popular Sovereignty | voters in a territory should decide the issue of slavery for themselves instead of the government |
| Justification for slavery by Southerners | "in the Bible", slavery is traditional, slaves better off in the care of their masters, workers in the North treated worse than slaves in the South |
| Confederate States of America | nation made up of the Southern states that seceded from the Union |
| Fugitive Slave Law | federal law requiring Northerners to assist in the return of runaway slaves; greatly favored by the South; caused anger in the North |
| cotton gin | invented by Eli Whitney, reduced the time greatly to deseed cotton; increased cotton production in the South leading to the need for more slave labor |
| Larger population (adv. of North or South?) | advantage North; more soldiers to fight |
| closer to supply sources (adv. of North or South)? | South; most of the fighting in the Civil War took place in the South |
| stronger, more stable economy (adv. of North or South)? | adv. North; most U.S. industry in the North |
| Greater cause (adv. North or South)? | South; South fighting to preserve their way of life (slavery); preserve their economy |
| larger ship fleet/shipyards (adv. North or South)? | adv. North; U.S. Navy; shipbuilding in Northeast port cities |
| manufacturing output (adv. North or South)? | North; again, due to industry |
| railroads (adv. North or South)? | adv. North; more railroad lines in the North for shipping men and supplies |
| better generals (adv. North or South)? | South; the best trained generals were fighting for the South; General Lee was from Virginia |
| President Lincoln (adv. North or South)? | adv. North; Lincoln president of Union; supported a unified Union |
| abolition | immediate end of slavery in the U.S. |
| civil war | when two sided (sections) of a country to gain political power within the same nation |
| States Rights Theory | idea that individual states have the right to restrict federal authority if it feels it is unconstitutional |
| sectionalism | rivalry based on the interests of different regions in a nation; ex: North v. South (industry and free labor v. agriculture and slave labor) |
| Uncle Tom's Cabin | book written by Harriet Beecher Stowe exposing the evils of slavery making more Northerners want to see slavery in the South end |
| secede | to formally withdraw from an alliance; (southern states leaving the Union) |
| Union | the Northern Army during the Civil War |
| Confederacy | the 11 states that separated from the U.S. and formed a new nation to preserve slavery |
| Jefferson Davis | president of the Confederacy (The South) |
| Dred Scott | slave who sued for his freedom; lost his case - Supreme Court ruled slaves were "property"; enraged Northerners - support the South and slavery |
| Robert E. Lee | Confederate general in the Civil War |
| Ulysses S. Grant | general of the Union forces during the Civil War |
| Abraham Lincoln | credited for freeing the slaves in the U.S. President of the Union during the Civil War |
| Harriet Tubman | abolitionist most noted form their work in the Underground Railroad |
| Frederick Douglass | former slave and great lecturer for slave freedom; edited the North Star aboltion newspaper |
| examples of sectionalism? | Industry v. Agriculture; slave v. non-slave; free labor v. slave labor; States Rights Theory v. strong federal government |
| What were the major causes of the Civil War | cotton gin; Uncle Tom's Cabin; Fugitive Slave Law; Dred Scott decision; election of Lincoln |
| April 9, 1865 Appomattox Courthouse | Civil War ends with surrender of Robert E. Lee and the Confederacy |
| tariff | taxed placed on goods coming into the U.S. from foreign countries; usually to protect American industry or generate revenue |
| States Rights Theory | Belief held by many Southern states that if a state felt a law was unconstitutional they could deem in null and void (would not have to follow that law) |
| sectionalism | rivalry based on special interests of different areas within a country |
| manufacturing | the process of turning raw materials into finished products |
| protective tariff | a tax placed on foreign goods with the idea of making foreign goods more expensive and encouraging people to buy U.S. goods to protect U.S. industry |
| Missouri Compromise | made Missouri a slave state - Maine a free state keeping the balance of free and slave states equal; outlawed slavery north of 36/30 latitude |
| Thomas Jefferson | 3rd president, Louisiana Purchase, Lewis and Clark, Embargo Act, lowered federal budget, cut military (downsized Navy),... |
| Eli Whitney | inventor of cotton gin, interchangeable parts, very influencial in Industrial Revolution in America |
| 36 degrees / 30 ft. Line of Latitude | According to the Missouri Compromise; slavery prohibited north of this line in Louisiana Terr. |
| Why was the balance of Free States and Slave States so important? | Voting power of loss of esp. regarding the issue of slavery |
| Wilmot Proviso | according to this proposed act, slavery would be banned in the land acquired from Mexico |
| How did the Compromise of 1850 appease the South | included a law requiring the return of runaway slaves |
| Kansas-Nebraska Act significance? | thanks to Popular Sovereignty, it allowed for slavery north of 36 deg. 30 ft |
| "Bleeding Kansas" | violence between anti-slave forces and pro-slave forces in Kansas |
| What did John Brown the abolitionist do? | arm slaves in a rebellion to bring and end to slavery |
| Fort Sumter | Union-occupied fort in S. Carolina that was shelled by Confederate forces which started the Civil War |
| Lincolns first choice to lead Union forces...Robert E. Lee: why didn't he accept? | From Virginia |
| Significance of Bull Run | Longer and bloodier war than what most expected was to follow |
| Anaconda Plan | blockade ports and block borders to cut off supplies to the South |
| Greatest cause of death in Civil War? | disease caused by battle wounds |
| Did women fight in Civil War battles? | NO |
| Battles of Gettysburg significance | South never again invade the North / South no longer make a strong stand against the Union |
| In what year did the Civil War begin | 1861 |
| Who greatly influenced Southern politics, economy, and society? | slave holders (planters) |
| Seceded first? | S. Carolina |
| This party did not want to see slavery spread west | Republican |
