| A | B |
|---|
| kinetic energy | energy a moving object has because of its motion |
| joule | the SI unit of work equal to 1 newton-meter |
| potential energy | stored energy an object has due to its position |
| elastic potential energy | energy stored when an object is compressed or stretched |
| chemical potential energy | energy stored in chemical bonds |
| gravitational potential energy | energy stored by objects due to their position above Earth's surface |
| Law of Conservation of Energy | the total energy of an isolated system remains constant |
| mechanical energy | the energy associated with the motion and position of everyday objects |
| temperature | measure of the average kinetic energy of all the particles in an object |
| heat | thermal energy that flows from a warmer material to a cooler material |
| thermal energy | sum of the kinetic and potential energy of the particles |
| specific heat | the amount of thermal energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a material 1 degree C |
| conduction | transfer of thermal energy by collisions between particles in matter |
| convection | transfer of thermal energy in a fluid by the movement of warmer and cooler fluid from place to place |
| radiation | transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves |
| insulator | materials that do not conduct heat well |
| work | transfer of energy that occurs when a force makes an object move |
| power | measure of the amount of work that can be done in a given amount of time |
| efficiency | the percentage of the work input that becomes work output in a machine |
| machine | device that makes doing work easier |
