| A | B |
|---|
| Herbert Hoover | US president blamed for Depression; did "Too Little, Too Late" |
| speculation | making high risk investments in the stock market in hopes of getting rich quick |
| buying on margin | practice that contributed to inflated stock prices in the 1920s; required only 10% downpayment to purchase stock |
| Black Thursday | October 24, 1929; on this day J.P. Morgan's quick buying prevented a stock market crash |
| Black Tuesday | October 29, 1929; Stock Market Crash |
| stock | share of a company |
| Hooverville | this is the name for shanty towns that sprung up around major cities during the Great Depression |
| Dust Bowl | period of widespread drought and dust storms in the plains states during 1930s |
| Okies | name given to migrants fleeing the Dust Bowl |
| Dorothea Lange | Works Progress Administration, WPA photographer most known for her photographs of migrant workers |
| Migrant Mother | famous Dust Bowl image of mother and children taken by Dorothea Lange |
| 21st amendment | repealed prohibition or makde alcohol legal again |
| Bonus Army | group of WWI veterans who marched to Washington DC in 1932 to demand early pensions |
| Election 1932 | Hoover vs. FDR; two competing ideologies - laissez faire vs. government intervention |
| Franklin Delano Roosevelt | the name given to FDR's massive plan for relief, recovery, and reform |
| "Nothing to fear but fear itself" | famous phrase from FDR's first inaugural address in 1933 |
| Eleanor Roosevelt | she was FDR's "legs" and a strong advocate for the New Deal |
| Hundred Days | this early period in FDR's first term as President is notable because of how many programs and laws were created |
| bank holiday | temporary bank closures that allowed for federal inspection of financial institutions |
| 3 R's or goals of the New Deal | Relief, Recovery, and Reform |
| Relief | New Deal programs that provided direct and indirect aid to individuals and families |
| Recovery | New Deal programs designed to speed economic recovery |
| Reform | measures designed to regulate operation of banks and the stock market to prevent another crash |
| Fireside chats | talks given by FDR to explain government policies in a reassuring, informative fashion |
| deficit spending | government spending in excess of tax revenues; done in 1930s to stimulate the economy |
| Priming the Pump | another phrase for deficit spending |
| FDIC or Federal Deposit Corporation | government program that insures bank deposits in case of a bank failure |
| CCC or Civilan Conservation Corp | job creation program that employed young men in environmental projects |
| NRA or National Recovery Admin. | New Deal program that attempted to set prices and wages in key industries; declared unconstitutional |
| AAA | New Deal program that attempted to boost farm prices by paying some farmers not to plant |
| TVA or Tennessee Valley Authority | New Deal program that led to creation of hydroelectric dams on Tennessee River |
| Second New Deal | renewed burst of legislative activity 1935-36 |
| WPA or Works Progress Admin. | program of Second New Deal that employed artists and construction workers |
| Wagner Act | law recognizing rights of unions to organize |
| Social Security Act | program created during Second New Deal; provides old-age and disability pensions & unemployment insurance |
| American Liberty League | organization that opposed the New Deal on the grounds that it limited American freedoms |
| court packing | attempt by FDR to increase the size of the Supreme Court so judges favorable to his policies would be appointed |
| Father Charles Coughlin | the "radio priest" who criticized FDR |
| Huey Long | Governor and senator from Louisana who promoted a "Share Our Wealth" program |
