| A | B |
|---|
| reasons for American neutrality before World War I | Americans wanted isolationism and had divided loyalties |
| reasons for American neutrality before World War I | Wilson's wish to negotiate peace |
| America's response to the Lusitania's sinking | the signing of the Arabic Pledge |
| America's greatest challenge after WWI | finding jobs for returning soldiers |
| Battle of Chateau-Thierry | allowed America to stop the German advance into France |
| War Industries Board | provided raw materials to those industries that were most critical to the war effort |
| Eugene Debs | arrested during WWI for violating the Espionage Act |
| League of Nations | a Wilson-suported collective security organization whose member nations agreed to mediate future international disputes |
| Republican administrations of the 1920s | against government regulation and involvement with foreign countries |
| Palmer Raids | the U.S. Attorney General's efforts to imprison and deport Bolshevik and anarchist terrorists |
| 1920s installment plans | increased buying in the United States |
| Schenck v. United States | Supreme Court's decision that established the "clear and present danger" precedent |
| nativist actions of the 1920s | the 1921 Emergency Immigration Act |
| Harlem Renaissance | African American artist, photographers, musicians, and writers that celebrated the distinctiveness of black culture |
| Sacco and Vanzetti | two Italian immigrants arrested in Massachusetts for the robbery and murder of a payroll guard in 1920 |
| the effect of the Hawley-Smoot Tariff | foreign countries responded by levying high tariffs against American goods, reducing overseas markets for U.S. companies |
| Kellogg-Briand Pact | signatories agreed to renounce aggressive war as an instrument of national policy and agreed to resolve their disagreements by peaceful means |
| Nineteenth Amendment | allowed women to vote |
| Scopes Trial | 1925 prosecution of science teacher John Scopes for teaching evolution in a Tennessee public school, which a recent bill had made illegal. |
| Warren G. Harding | scandal-ridden President whose Secretary of the Interior was imprisoned after taking part in the Teapot Dome Scandal |
| F. Scott Fitzgerald, Ernest Hemingway, and John Dos Passos | white intellectuals and artists who rebelled against Victorian values in the 1920s |
| election of Herbert Hoover | resulted because Americans feared Al Smith Catholic ties |
| Black Tuesday | occurred because investors traded 16,410,030 shares on the New York Stock Exchange in a single day which led to the collapse of the Stock Market |
| Dust Bowl | an area of Oklahoma, Kansas, and northern Texas affected by severe soil erosion (caused by windstorms) in the early 1930s, which obliged many people to move. |
| African Americans | received small relief payments and few job opportunities during the New Deal |
| Herbert Hoover | favored a voluntary and cooperative approach to solving America's economic troubles during the Depression |
| Bonus Army | demonstration by World War I veterans in Washington, D.C. in which they demanded early payment of their bonus |
| Reconstruction Finance Corporation | provided funding to banks, insurance companies, farm mortgage associations, and railroads that were deemed vital to America's prosperity |
| Franklin D. Roosevelt | felt that government aid should be given directly to the people of the United States |
| Herbert Hoover's response to the Depression | acted to stabilize corporations and banks |
| buying on margin | short-term loans used to purchase stock, which were later covered by the quick resell of shares at a higher price |
| Brain Trust | leading academics who served as presidential advisers in the early years of the New Deal |
| National Recovery Administration | authorized the president to institute industry-wide codes intended to eliminate unfair trade practices, reduce unemployment, establish minimum wages and maximum hours, and guarantee the right of labor to bargain collectively. |
| Second New Deal | includes programs to redistribute wealth, income and power in favor of the poor, the old, farmers and labor unions. |
| Huey Long | believed that Roosevelt's "New Deal" policies did not do enough to alleviate the issues of the poor. |
| John Maynard Keynes | proponent of deficit spending as a means to create demand for consumer goods and end economic crisis |
| Black Cabinet | a board of African American advisers created by FDR to investigate civil rights abuses and advise him on racial matters |
| Frances Perkins | the first female cabinet secretary that was appointed by FDR to serve as Secretary of Labor |
| causes of World War I | militarism, alliances, imperialism, and extreme patriotism |
| America's entry into World War I | Germany's submarine warfare |
| American Expeditionary Force | the fighting men of the United States Army during World War I. |
| Great Migration | the mass migration of blacks during World War I looking for employment in America's war industry |
