| A | B |
|---|
| Crusades | series of military expeditions led by Christians in Europe to reconquer the "holy lands" in Jerusalem from the Muslims |
| Pope Urban II | Man whose famous speech helped spark the Crusades |
| Saladin | Muslim leader who reconquered Jerusalem and then reopened Jerusalem to Christians after the 3rd crusade |
| Crusader States | independent kingdoms and Trade centers established by the crusaders |
| secular | separate from the church, there was very little secular society during the middle ages |
| Pope | highest ranking Catholic leader, viewed as God's representative on earth |
| Parish Priests | led one church, served social and religious needs of peopl |
| tithe | 10% tax owed to the Church |
| Constantinople | Christian city attacked by the Western Crusaders during the 4th crusade |
| Monks | members of the church that lived isolated lives dedicated to god and academic study |
| Jerusalem | city that was main target of most of the cruades |
| monasteries | isolated communities of monks that led academic study and became the foundation for univerities |
| education impacts of church | translated works into latin, made advancements in science and |
| illuminated manuscipts | decorated hand copied books (usually the Bible) created during middle ages |
| bishops | top priest in a city (led a diocese) |
| social influence of church | provided basic social needs (weddings, funerals etc) |
| political influence of the church | Church could anoint holy roman emperors, had the power of ex-communication |
| religious causes of the crusades | people wanted to reclaim Jerusalem for Christianity, thought that going on crusade would earn them salvation |
| political causes of the crusades | kings and the Pope sought to gain more territory and influence |
| economic causes of the crusades | Crusaders wanted to become rich off of the wealth of the middle east |
| Economic IMPACT of the crusades | Trade between Europe and the Middle East increased |
| Religious IMPACT of the crusades | bitterness between Christians, Jews and Muslims. The Power of the church was weakened by the end of the crusades |
