| A | B |
|---|
| forces of attration that hold atoms together | bonds |
| number of electrons in the first shell | 2 |
| number of electrons in the 2nd shell | 8 |
| Group 0 = | noble gases |
| number of electrons in the outer shell of a noble gas | eight |
| charged particles | ions |
| Sodium ion | Na+ |
| chlorine ion | CL- |
| negative ions | anions |
| positive ions | cations |
| forces of attraction between positive and negatively charged objects | electrostatic forces |
| formed by the reaction between a metal and a non metal | ionic bonds |
| formed between 2 non metal elements | covalent bonds |
| atomic number of Mg | 12 |
| atomic number of Li | 3 |
| atomic number of oxygen | 8 |
| atomic number of He | 2 |
| proton number of He | 2 |
| Neutron number = | mass number - atomic number |
| an ionic compound | NaCl |
| Valency of C | 4 |
| Valency of N | 3 |
| Al ion | Al3+ |
| Mg ion | Mg2+ |
| Cl ion | Cl- |
| Bromide ion | Br+ |
| ionic structures are packed together | as a lattice |
| ionic compounds often | form crystals |
| sodium carbonate | Na2Co3 |
| Li3PO4 | lithium phosphate |
| Potassium Iodate | K2IO3 |
| Iron chloride | FeCl3 |
| Potassium iodide | K3I |
| charge on an electron | - |
| charge on a proton | + |
| charge on a neutron | 0 |
| negative ions | anions |
| sodium bromide | NaBr |
| soidum chloride | NaCl |
| Magnesium oxide | MgO |
| anions are attracted to the | anode |
| negative electrode | cathode |
| the anode is | the positive electrode |
| whan an ionic compound is molten it is | aqueous |
| in an aqueous solution | ions are free to move |
| has an electronic configuration 2.7 | F |
| has an electronc configuration 2.8.2 | Mg |
| has an electronic configuration 22.8.8.1 | K |
| has an electronic configuration 2.5 | N |
| polythene | a polymer of ethene |
| different structural of the same element | allotropes |
| simple carbon molecules | fullerenes |
| tubular molecules | nanotubes |
| buckminsterfullerene | bucky ball |
| lightest known material | graphene |
| covalent, giant molecular structures | diamond and graphite |
| delocalised electrons are | free to move |
| graphite is | soft and useful as a lubricant |
| diamond is hard because | it has a rigid network of carbon atoms in a tetrahedral arrangement |
| metals are malleable | - they can be hammered into shape |
| elemenst are classified as | metals and non metals |
| metals are | solids with high melting points |
| non metalos have | a low melting point |
| the atoms in a metallic element | form a giant lattice |
| when a voltage is applied to a piece of metal | an electrical current flows |
