| A | B |
|---|
| gas exchange | process of exchanging O2 and CO2 with environment |
| diffusion across cell membrane | gas exchange in protists and hydra |
| respiratory system | needed by complex organisms |
| respiratory surface | thin membrane where gases are exhanged |
| moisture | necessary to allow gases to cross membrane |
| skin | respiratory surface of earthworm |
| fluid-filled ends of tracheal tubes | respiratory surface of grasshopper |
| alveoli | respiratory surface in humans |
| spiracles | openings in surface of grasshopper which allow gas to enter and leave |
| tracheal tubes | carry air directly to cells of grasshopper |
| gills | respiratory surface of lobster, for example |
| function of nose | warm, filter, and moisturize air |
| function of trachea | bring air to lungs |
| bronchioles | small tubes branching throughout lungs |
| bronchi | two tubes branching off trachea |
| diaphragm | large muscle beneath the lungs |
| inhalation | occurs when diaphragm contracts, moving down |
| exhalation | occurs when diaphragm relaxes, moving up |
| epiglottis | blocks food from entering larynx |
| larynx | contains vocal cords |
| cilia | found on cells lining the nose, pharynx and trachea |
| asthma | spasm or constricting of bronchioles |
| emphysema | damage to alveoli |
| pneumonia | excess fluid in alveoli |
| bronchitis | inflammation of bronchioles |
| pleura | protective fluid-filled membranes surrounding the lungs |
