| A | B |
|---|
| consciousness | awareness of yourself and your environment |
| meditation | method used to narrow consciousness; focus on peaceful, repetitive stimulus |
| circadian rhythms | Sequence of bodily changes, such as temperature, blood pressure, sleepiness and wakefulness that occurs every 24 hours; “the biological clock” |
| Biofeedback | when a person is hooked up to a machine that records slight changes in heartrate, or brain waves in order to learn how to control these functions |
| Direct inner awareness | Being aware of (or recalling) thoughts, images, emotions, memories, or abstract concepts that you don’t hear, see, smell or touch |
| Selective attention | Allows you to focus on a specific task and ignore distractions, such as background noise. |
| Preconscious | place where ideas reside that you aren’t aware of at the moment, but that you could recall by directing your inner awareness to them |
| electroencephalograph (EEG) | machine that amplifies and records waves of electrical activity that sweep across the brain’s surface; electrodes placed on the scalp measure these waves. |
| Rapid eye movement (REM) | recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur; blood pressure and heart rate increases and eyes move under eyelids |
| insomnia | recurring problems in falling asleep or staying asleep |
| sleep apnea | sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and consequent momentary reawakenings. |
| narcolepsy | sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks often an inappropriate times |
| Unconscious | Part of the mind that contains information people are not aware of under most circumstances (according to Freud) |
| night terrors | sleep related problem characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified; unlike nightmares, seldom remembered (occurs within 2 or 3 hours of falling asleep during Stage 4 sleep.) |
| hypnosis | social interaction in which a trained expert makes suggestions about perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors and the subject follows those suggestions. |
| Nonconscious | Level at which things are happening that we are aware of, but are not really in control of, like basic biological functions, breathing, hair growth |
| Altered states of consciousness | State in which a person’s sense of self or sense of the world changes |
| Stage 1 | The lightest stage of sleep |
| restorative theory on sleep | Theory that NREM sleep is important for restoring physiological functions that keep the body healthy & properly functioning and REM sleep is essential in restoring mental functions. |
| Evolutionary (or adaptive) theory | Theory on sleep that suggests that periods of activity and inactivity evolved as a means of conserving energy and that all species have adapted to sleep during periods of time when wakefulness would be the most hazardous. |
| Marijuana | hallucinogenic drug (in high doses?) |
| Addiction | condition in which a person must have a drug in order to feel normal |
| Heroin (and all narcotics) | depressant |
| depressants | drugs (such as alcohol and sedatives) that reduce neural activity and slow body functions |
| stimulants | drugs (such as caffeine, nicotine, and the more powerful amphetamines and cocaine) that excite neural activity and speed up body functions. |
| Caffeine | stimulant found in coffee, chocolate, tea, and some soft drinks. |
| Nicotine | stimulant found in tobacco. |
| Cocaine | stimulant derived from leaves of the coca plant |
| Amphetamines | stimulant |
| Hallucinogens | Drugs that produce a perception of an object that seems real but is not |
| Alchohol | depressant |
