| A | B |
|---|
| Sam Houston | 1st President of Republic of Texas |
| Mirabeau B. Lamar | 2nd President of Republic of Texas |
| Things President Lamar changed about Texas: | the flag, the capital city, and started a navy |
| Problems Texas had while it was a Republic: | debt, threats from Mexico, & Native American raids |
| Why did President Lamar change the capital of Texas? | Wanted to put it in a location more at the center of Texas |
| What did President Lamar want to do with Native Americans in Texas? | Wanted to have them removed from Texas in order to create more land for settlers |
| What did President Lamar want to do to the size of Texas? | Wanted to expand to New Mexico and possibly all the way to the Pacific Ocean |
| TWO Reasons why the US didn't want to annex Texas: | Texas was a slave territory & US didn't want problems with Mexico over Texas |
| TWO Reasons why Texas wanted to be annexed by the US: | Texas wanted help with their debt & already had many Americans living in its territory |
| Annex | to join or become a part of |
| Veto | to nullify or cancel out a proposed law |
| Texas becomes the ___ state of the U.S. | 28th |
| What was the border dispute between Texas & Mexico? | Texas believed their border was the Rio Grande River while Mexico believed it was the Nueces River |
| James K. Polk | President of the US who annexed Texas |
| THREE Causes of the Mexican-American War | The border dispute between Texas & Mexico, Mexico 'disrespected' an American ambassador, & there was a military skirmish in the disputed territory |
| Result of the Mexican-American War | America acquires the California territory and a lot of land west of Texas |
| Executive Branch of Texas Goverment | enforces the law and includes the position of governor of Texas |
| Legislative Branch of Texas Government | makes the laws and includes the State Congress of Texas |
| Judicial Branch of Texas Government | interprets the laws and includes the State Supreme Court of Texas |
| Empresario | a person appointed by the government to start a colony and get settlers to move there |
| Title | a legal document showing ownership of a property |
| Aspects of South Texas | lots of flat grassland good for ranching |
| Aspects of East Texas | lots of fertile land for farming with rivers and lakes |
| Description of the relationship of Mexicans and Native Americans | there was conflict between the two sides |
| Why was Mexico concerned about who settled in Texas? | there were cautious of too many Americans settling in Texas because they knew America was interested in acquiring Texas |
| Moses Austin | American businessman who originally negotiated with Mexico to bring settlers to Texas |
| Baron de Bastrop | businessman and friend of Moses Austin who helped him become an empresario in Texas |
| Stephen F. Austin | son of Moses Austin who continued his father's idea of bringing American settlers to Texas |
| Location of Austin's colony | between the Brazos and Colorado Rivers |
| Description of Austin's colony | good farm land between two major rivers in Texas |
| Cost per acre to purchase land in Austin's colony | 12.5 cents per acre |
| Cost per acre to purchase land in the U.S. | $1.25 per acre |
| Qualifications to settle in Austin's colony | pledge loyalty to Mexico, be Catholic, & be a good person |
| The Old 300 | the original 300 families who settled in Texas |
| Problems in Austin's colony | drought and Native American attacks |
| militia | a group of citizens who form a temporary army in an emergency situation |
| Success of Austin's colony | SFA was able to smooth out any tension between the Mexican government and American settlers in Texas |
| Haden Edwards | empresario who declared Texas an independent country known as the Republic of Fredonia, but he was defeated |
| minister | a person sent to another country to represent his/her government |
| civilian | a person not a member of the army or police force |
| self government | a government in which the people take an active role in making laws and decisions |
| Differences between U.S. & Mexico | Separation between Church and State, self government, & slavery |
| Ways Americans held on to their culture in Texas | Spoke English, traded w/ American businesses, kept U.S. customs, & had little contact with the Mexican government |
| Why Mexico was concerned about the Fredonian Revolt | They believed it could be the first of upcoming problems with Texas settlers |
| General Manuel Mier y Teran | Sent by the Mexican government to Texas to investigate and write a report |
| Observations of Mier y Teran | Texas was becoming more American than Mexican |
| Mier y Teran Report | Recommended that the Mexican government place more troops in Texas to maintain order |
| Law of April 6, 1830 | States that there would be no more immigration to Texas by Americans and slavery in Texas would be banned |
| Tariffs | Taxes on imported goods |
| Garrisons | Military outposts |
| William B. Travis and Patrick Jack | lawyers who were arrested by Bradburn for tricking him into thinking there would be a revolt |
| Battle of Velasco | Skirmish that took place between John Austin and Texas settlers against a Mexican military outpost on the Brazos River. People died on both sides. |
| Anahuac | Texas town where tensions between the Mexican military and Texas settlers grew to the brink of conflict |
| SFA's trip to Mexico City | meets with the VP of Mexico at first and is frustrated by the lack of a response |
| SFA's "threat" to Mexico City | told the Mexican government that Texans might act if Mexico doesn't respond to their requests |
| SFA's Letter to Texas | letter sent telling Texans to start creating a separate state government in Texas |
| SFA's meeting with Santa Anna | Santa Anna grants most requests (Americans can immigrate to TX, slavery allowed again) but denied request for separate statehood for Texas |
| SFA's arrest | SFA is arrested in Saltillo for writing the letter about Texas statehood which was not granted by Santa Anna |
| SFA's time in jail | 1 year and 6 months |
| Santa Anna's change | Santa Anna switched from being a Federalist to a Centrist which angered Texans |
| General Martin de Cos | Santa Anna's brother in law who came into Texas bringing troops to break up the state government |
| William B. Travis | captured the town of Anahuac |
| Cos' Reaction to William B. Travis' actions in Anahuac | arrest Texans who helped Travis and give them military trial |
| Texans Reaction to William B. Travis | Travis reacted out of control and not all people supported his actions |
| SFA's beliefs about Texas and Mexico after his release from jail | SFA believed Texas must separate from Mexico |
| Federal System of Government | system of government in which the national government is supreme but states have some authority |
| Central System of Government | system of government in which the national government has almost total power and authority in a nation |
| Siege | a military bombardment or blockade of an opponent over a period of time |
| Culture | the beliefs, customs, skills, and language of a group of people |
| Compromise | an agreement between two sides in which both sides sacrifice some of what they wanted |
| Provisional Government | a temporary goverment |
| Cavalry | soldiers that fight on horseback |
| Infantry | soldiers that fight on foot |
| Similarities of the Texas & American Revolution | both fought for self-government and against a strict ruler |
| Differences of the Texas & American Revolutions | the Texas Revolution was shorter in length and smaller in scale |
| The Battle of Gonzalez was fought over a ... | cannon |
| Why had the Mexican Govt given Gonzalez a cannon in 1831? | To defend themselves against Native Americans in the area |
| Why did the Mexican Govt want the cannon back from Gonzalez? | So that the Texans would not be able to use the cannon against Mexican forces |
| The Old Eighteen | Citizens of Gonzalez who held off Mexican forces who came for the cannon |
| Slogan on the battle flag at Gonzalez | "Come and Take It" |
| Why was Goliad important in South Texas? | Whichever side controlled the fort there had control of a road that connected San Antonio to the Gulf of Mexico |
| Sam Houston | Texan who was named leader of the Texas Army |
| Support for the Revolution: | not all Anglos and Tejanos in Texas supported the Revolution |
| The Grass Fight | Texans attack Mexican supply line that they believe has silver, but it was grass to feed horses |
| Writer of the Texas Declaration of Independence | George Childress |
| Inspiration of the Texas Declaration of Independence | The U.S. Declaration of Independence |
| Date of Texas Independence | March 2, 1836 |
| Texan who captured a Mexican courier | Deaf Smith |
| Importance of capturing the Mexican courier | Texans captured a copy of Santa Anna's Battle Plans |
| Twin Sisters | 2 cannons given to the Texans |
| Santa Anna believed Sam Houston and the Texans would attack at what time? | At dawn on April 21, 1836 |
| When did Sam Houston attacked the Mexican army at San Jacinto? | At 3:30pm on April 21, 1836 |
| What did Sam Houston order Deaf Smith to do before the attack? | Destroy Vince's Bridge so that the Mexican Army could not escape |
| How did the mood of Texas troops affect when Sam Houston would attack? | Texas troops were angry & he believed that if he did not attack soon he would lose control of the army |
| What did Santa Anna allow his troops to do in the afternoon of April 21? | Take a siesta and relax |
| The length of time the Battle of San Jacinto lasted | 18 minutes |
| Why were Mexican troops easy targets for Texas shooters? | Swamps and rivers made it hard for the Mexican troops to escape |
| Number of Texas casualties at San Jacinto | 9 |
| How was Santa Anna captured by Texas? | Texans captured him, but believed he was a normal Mexican soldier. When he was marched to camp, Mexican troops said "El Presidente" and he was discovered. |
| Public Treaty between Texas & Mexico (Treaty of Velasco) | 1. Mexico will end war with Texas 2. Mexico will not attack Texas any more |
| Secret Treaty between Texas & Mexico | 1. Mexico recognizes Texas independence 2. the Rio Grande River is the border between Texas & Mexico |
| Why did Mexico not recognize the secret treaty? | Mexico said the treaty was made while Santa Anna was prisoner |
| President of the US when Texas gets independence | Andrew Jackson |
| Why the US does not annex Texas after the Texas Revolution | Texas is a slave territory and is large as well. It would cause controversy if allowed into the US |
| James Neill | original leader of the Alamo who wrote Sam Houston requesting reinforcements |
| Jim Bowie | famous Texan, known for his knife, was bed-ridden at the Alamo |
| William B. Travis | leader at the Alamo during the battle |
| Davy Crockett | volunteer from Tennessee who famously fought at the Alamo, known to be skilled with a rifle, former Congressman |
| Red Flag | flown by Santa Anna to signal Mexico would take no prisoners |
| Cannon Shot | a signal from Travis that the Alamo would not negotiate a truce with Mexico |
| Number of Mexican Troops at the Alamo | around 3000 |
| Number of troops in the Alamo | over 200 |
| "Victory or Death" | famous phrase written by Travis to the Texas government stating he would not surrender the Alamo |
| Why James Neill left the Alamo | one of his family members was sick, left the Alamo under leadership of Travis and Bowie |
| "Line in the Sand" | famous story of Travis explaining to people at the Alamo of their situation and to decide if they wanted to stay at the Alamo or not |
| Number of Days the Mexicans laid siege to the Alamo | 12 |
| Date of the Battle of the Alamo | March 6, 1836 |
| Siege | the blockage or bombardment of a fort or enemy structure over a prolonged period of time |
| Time that Mexicans began their first wave of attack at the Alamo | 5am |
| Time that the Battle of the Alamo was finished | 9am |
| Why did the Mexican soldiers carry ladders? | to get over the walls of the Alamo during their attack |
| What did the Texans use for cannon ammunition when they ran our of cannon balls? | Nails, Hinges, & chopped up horseshoes |
| Impact of the Alamo on Texans | the battle inspired and motivated Texans to continue fighting for independence |
| Deaf Smith | Sam Houston's scout who reported to him on the results of the Alamo |
| Houston's Tactical Retreat | Houston pulls back from Santa Anna's forces strategically |
| Purpose of Houston's retreat | Houston hoped to buy time to train troops and tire Santa Anna's army |
| James Fannin | Texas leader at Goliad |
| General Urrea | Mexican general involved at Goliad |
| Massacre at Goliad | Texans were captured and believed they would be released. They were executed by Mexican troops as they marched from the fort. |
| March 27, 1836 | Date of the Goliad Massacre |
| Number of men killed at Goliad | 340 |
| The Runaway Scrape | Texans fleeing in panic after the Goliad massacre fearing the actions of Santa Anna |
