| A | B |
|---|
| copperheads | Democrats in the North who opposed the Civil War and the goals of President Lincoln. |
| Habeas Corpus | A protection against unlawful imprisonment written in the Constitution. It would allow the imprisoned people to be brought into a court to see if their imprisonment was legal. |
| Military Draft "Poor Man's Fight" | A requirement for service that was established for both sides to meet the needs for troops. In the South, white men between 18 and 35 had to serve, while in the North, men from 20 to 45 had to serve. |
| Clara Barton | Started the American Red Cross |
| blockade | a strategy to prevent things from coming in or going out of and area. This strategy was a very important part of the Union’s plan. They wanted to cut off the South’s supply of manufactured goods, as well as block the overseas sale of cotton. |
| Dorothea Dix | Social reformer who became the head of the Union army nurses. |
| Elizabeth Blackwell | America’s first female physician. During the Civil War she trained other women so they could be nurses for the Union’s army. |
| Battle of Vicksburg, MS | This city on the Mississippi River had to be captured before Union ships could safely traverse the entire length of the Mississippi. This campaign lasted many months, leading a battle in May 1863. The Union commander, Ulysses S. Grant, settled into siege warfare. |
| Battle of Gettysburg, PA | The largest battle ever fought on the North American continent. This battle marked the end of Robert E. Lee‘s second invasion of the North and was a turning point in the Civil War. |
| Appomattox Courthouse, VA | The last battle fought by Robert E. Lee‘s Army of Northern Virginia. After his attempt to break out of a closing trap failed, Lee met with Ulysses S. Grant to surrender his army. |
| Battle of Bull Run, VA | This first major engagement of the American Civil War was a shocking defeat of Union soldiers by Confederates. |
| Battle of Shiloh, TN | This battle turned back a Confederate attempt to re-capture Middle Tennessee and contributed to Union Major General Ulysses S. Grant‘s reputation as a leader who would keep fighting even in adverse circumstances. |
| Battle of Antietam, MD | The bloodiest single day in American history, this battle turned back Robert E. Lee‘s first Northern invasion. Though tactically a draw, it was enough of a win to permit President Abraham Lincoln to announce his Emancipation Proclamation at the end. |
| Battle of Chancellorsville, VA | This Confederate victory turned back the Union Army of the Potomac . Often considered the greatest Confederate victory. Gen. Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson was mortally wounded by his own men, who mistook him and his staff for Union cavalry. |
| Battle of Fredericksburg, VA | Confederate victory. Poor coordination of attacks by Union commanders, combined with strong Confederate defensive positions from the top of a hill, resulted in a lopsided slaughter of Union troops. |
| Fort Sumter | The official start of the Civil War. Confederate victory after they bombarded the fort. |
| Ulysses S. Grant | Leader of the Union Army |
| Robert E. Lee | Leader of the Confederate Army |
| Advantages of the North | Twice as much railroad track and farmland than the South. The North had a much greater population, as much as two thirds of the population lived in the North. The North had more resources which made the North eligible to provide food, area, and supplies to their larger army. |
| Advantages of the South | Fighting in their own territory with help from some locals, and most of the nations most experienced military officers were from the South. |
| Strategies of the North | To isolate the confederacy by blocking southern seaports and cut off their supply of manufactured goods and put blockades on the sales of cotton overseas. |
| Strategies of the South | To just defend their land until the North was tired of fighting. The South also planned on having Britain support them because of Britain's need of cotton from their textile mills. |
| Maryland under Martial Law because... | Southern sympathizers destroyed railroads and telegraph lines. This state was placed under military rule to keep order. |
| Who was freed by the Emancipation Proclamation? | Slaves who were in Confederate Territory. Since the Confederacy did not follow the US Constitution, they didn't listen. It actually freed few slaves, but started the momentum. |
| Problems faced by African American soldiers? | They were paid less, if they were caught they could be sold back into slavery, and some who were caught were sometimes killed. |
| "Poor Man's Fight" | A criticism of the draft that indicated that wealthy people could buy their way out of service, while the poor had no option. |
| 13th Amendment | banned slavery and all involuntary servitude |
| 14th Amendment | defined a citizen as any person born in or naturalized in the United States, overturning the Dred Scott V. Sandford (1857) Supreme Court ruling stating that Black people were not eligible for citizenship. |
| 15th Amendment | prohibited governments from denying U.S. citizens the right to vote based on race, color, or past servitude. |
