| A | B |
|---|
| What does DNA consist of? | 2 long strands wound in a double helix |
| What is a monomer of DNA called? | nucleotide |
| What are the 3 parts of a DNA nucleotide? | 5 carbon sugar, phosphate group, nitrogen base |
| What 2 parts are identical in every DNA nucleotide? | phosphate group & 5 Carbon sugar |
| What is the name of the 5 carbon sugar in DNA? | deoxyribose |
| What are the 4 nitrogen bases in DNA? | thymine, adenine, guanine, cytosine |
| What is the name given to the nitrogen bases that have a double ring structure? | purines |
| What is the name given to the nitrogen bases that have a single ring structure? | pyrimidines |
| What is the name given to the structure of DNA? | double helix |
| Who discovered the DNA structure? | Watson & Crick |
| What links the 2 nitrogen bases in DNA? | hydrogen bond |
| What does adenine always bond with? | thymine |
| What does guanine always bond with? | cytosine |
| What is the process of duplication of a DNA molecule called? | replication |
| What enzyme begins the replication process? | DNA helicase |
| Where do the new nucleotides come from during replication? | from the cytoplasm |
| What 3 ways does DNA and RNA differ? | RNA has 1 strand & DNA has 2, RNA has ribose and DNA has deoxyribose, RNA has uracil and DNA has thymine |
| What are the 3 forms of RNA | messenger RNA, transfer RNA, and ribosomal RNA |
| A single strand of RNA folded back on itself like a bobby pin to allow complementary bases to pair | tRNA |
| The process of RNA being produced from DNA | transcription |
| Type of RNA found in ribosomes | rRNA |
| A single uncoiled strand that transmits information from DNA during protein synthesis | mRNA |
| What enzyme binds to DNA & splits the strands so transcription can occur? | RNA polymerase |
| How many varieties of tRNA are there? | 20 |
| The system containing information needed by the cells for proper functioning | genetic code |
| A specific group of 3 sequential bases of mRNA | codon |
| What do codons code for? | amino acids |
| What codon signals start? | AUG |
| What codons signal stop? | UAA and UAG |
| What type of RNA serves as a template for the assembly of amino acids | mRNA |
| What is the process of assembling protein molecules from information encoded in mRNA called? | translation |
| A sequence of 3 bases that pair with the codon of mRNA | anti - codon |
| What is the accuracy of DNA replication | only 1 error per 1 billion nucleotides |
