| A | B |
|---|
| deformation | the bending, tilting, and breaking of the Earth’s crust; the change in the shape of rock in response to stress |
| earthquake | a strong violent shaking of the ground as a result of tectonic plates moving |
| elastic deformation | deformation similar to a stretched rubber band that leads to earthquakes |
| elastic rebound | the sudden return of elastically deformed rock to its undeformed shape |
| fault | a break in the Earth’s crust along which blocks of the crust slide relative to one another |
| P wave | a seismic wave that causes particles of rock to move in a back-and-forth direction |
| plastic deformation | deformation similar to a pieced of molded clay that does not lead to earthquakes |
| S wave | a seismic wave that causes particles of rock to move in a side-to-side direction |
| seismic wave | a wave of energy that travels through the Earth, away from an earthquake |
| seismologist | a scientist who studies earthquakes |
| seismology | the study of earthquakes |
| tectonic plate | giant piece of Earth’s thin, outermost layer |
| body waves | seismic waves that travel through the Earth’s interior |
| surface waves | move along the Earth’s surface and produce motion mostly in the upper few kilometers of Earth’s crust |
