| A | B |
|---|
| bioclastic | Sedimentary rock that forms from pieces of living organisms. |
| cementation | When fluids deposit ions to create a cement that hardens loose sediments. |
| clastic | Fragments or clasts of preexisting rock; a sedimentary rock made of clasts. |
| compaction | When sediments are squeezed together by the weight of sediments and rocks on top of them. |
| conglomerate | sedimentary rock formed from rounded fragments |
| contact metamorphism | Changes in a rock that result from temperature increases when a body of magma contacts a cooler existing rock. |
| crystallization | The formation of mineral grains from cooling magma. |
| deposition | process in which sediments are laid down or settle out |
| erosion | The transport of weathered materials and sediments by water, wind, ice, or gravity. |
| extrusive | Igneous rocks that form at Earth's surface from rapidly cooling lava. |
| felsic | A type of igneous rock that is made mostly of light minerals such as quartz and feldspar. |
| foliation | Flat layers in rocks due to squeezing by pressure. |
| igneous rock | A rock formed from cooled magma. |
| intermediate | A type of igneous rock that is in between felsic and mafic. |
| intrusive | Igneous rocks that form inside the Earth from slowly cooling magma. |
| mafic | A type of igneous rock that is made mostly of dense, dark minerals, such as olivine and pyroxene. |
| metamorphic rock | A rock that forms from a previous rock that is exposed to heat and/or pressure. |
| metamorphism | A solid state change in an existing rock due to high temperature and/or pressure that creates a metamorphic rock. |
| outcrop | Exposed rock formations that are attached to the ground. |
| porphyritic | Igneous rock texture in which visible crystals are found in a matrix of tiny crystals. |
| precipitate | Solid substance that separates out of a liquid to form a solid, usually when the liquid evaporates. |
| regional metamorphism | Changes in rock that occur because of high pressure over a large area. |
| rock cycle | The never-ending cycle in which one rock type changes into another rock type. |
| sediment | Small particle of soil or rock deposited by wind or water. |
| sedimentary rock | A rock that forms from the compaction of sediments or the precipitation of material from a liquid. |
| sedimentation | Sediments are laid down in a deposit. |
| ultramafic | A type of igneous rock that contains more than 90% mafic minerals. |
| weathering | The chemical or physical breakdown of rocks, soils or minerals at Earth's surface. |
