| A | B |
|---|
| dictatorship | controlled by one person ( not passed down by herditary means) |
| absolute monarchy | ruled by a king or queen; one type of autocracy |
| constitutional monarchy | king or queen, but elected legislature makes laws |
| authoritarian gov't | ruled by small group, ex. Communists |
| direct democracy | all citizens vote on issues ex. New England town meetings/ pilgrims |
| representative democracy | citizens elect others to vote for them on certain issues |
| republic | other name for representative democracy |
| Magna Carta | signed by King John in 1215. Limited kings powers. |
| Glorious Revolution (1688) | King James II taken off the throne by Parliament and replaced with daughter Mary and her husband William |
| precedent | the way it was done in the past |
| Parliament | British legislature that gradually gained power from the monarchy |
| Mayflower Compact | established a direct democracy for settlers at Plymouth, Mass; self government |
| Common Sense | Thomas Paine's pamphlet encouraging independence; helped inspire T. Jefferson and the G. Washington and the Revolutionary troops |
| John Locke | Enlightenment writer who used the term natural rights - life, liberty, property |
| theocracy | government of a state by immediate divine guidance or by officials who are regarded as divinely guided. |
| rule of law | all people including those who govern ( king, president) are bound by the law |
| limited government | govt is not all powerful. It may do only those things that the people have given it the power to do ex. 3 branches of govt; checks and balances |
| consent of the governed | citizens are the source of all govt power; If a government failed, then citizens would no longer agree to be governed and they would have the right to revolt. |
| autocracy | a system of government by one person with absolute power. |
| sovereign state | a potitcal body where the govt makes laws and negotiates with other countries |
| Thomas Hobbes | author of Leviathan where he discussed the necessity of a strong central authority to avoid the evil of discord and civil war. ; wrote about a state of nature; |
| state of nature | no government; no rules |
| republicanism | the idea that a country’s leader should be chosen by the citizens in a general election. |
| Leviathan | writen by Thomas Hobbes; showed the necessity for a strong autocratic ruler |
| 2nd Treatise on Government | writen by John Locke; all men are created equal in the state of nature by God. |
| junta | a military or political group that rules a country after taking power by force. |
| social contract | citizens give up some freedom they would have in a state of nature and in exchange the government protects citizens’ right to life, liberty, and property |
| anarchy | no government; state of nature |
| Thomas Jefferson | chief author (worked with the Committee of Five) of the Declaration of Independence |
