| A | B |
|---|
| Neolithic Revolution | the shift from hunting and gathering to agriculture and domestication of animals |
| civilization | elements of this includes cities, government, writing, religion, division of labor, and social classes |
| Mesopotamia | the land between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers |
| cuneiform | wedge-shaped Sumerian writing |
| Code of Hammurabi | first written laws from Babylon |
| monotheism | belief in one god |
| polytheism | belief in more than one god |
| Fertile Crescent | land area between Tigris and Euphrates extending in an arch shape to the Eastern Mediterannean sea |
| hunter gatherer | the earliest humans obtained their food by doing this |
| city-state | a city with the surrounding territory that forms an independent state |
| monarchy | a society ruled by a king or queen |
| agriculture | another word for farming |
| theocracy | a society governed by a religious leader |
| periodization | dividing time into historical eras for prupopses of analysis |
| dynasty | a series of rulers from a single family |
| empire | a political unit where large numbers of people and areas of land are controlled by one ruler |
| irrigation | application of water to plants during dry periods to help them grow |
| pictographic script | form of writing based on the use of symbols, including cuneiform and hieroglyphics |
| civilization | a society characterized by established cities, specialized labor, complex institutions, written records |
