| A | B |
|---|
| cell membrane | the covering that surrounds the cell and separates it from the exterior (its environment); controls everything that goes into and out of the cell |
| cell wall | found OUTSIDE the cell membrane of plant cells; helps support the plant and protect the cell |
| nucleus | controls the activities of the cell; the "brain" |
| nuclear membrane | controls the movement of materials into and out of the nucleus |
| chromosome | threadlike structure of DNA and protein |
| DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) | heredity material that is duplicated during cell division and passes on identical instructions from parents to offspring |
| cytoplasm | all of the material in a cell located between the nucleus and the cell membrane |
| endoplasmic reticulum | transport system of the cell; a network of tubelike canals that run throughout the cytoplasm |
| Golgi apparatus | network of channels located close to the nucleus; add carbohydrates to new proteins; packages wastes; forms cell membranes |
| ribosome | make proteins from raw materials found in the cytoplasm; some float freely while others are attached to the endoplasmic reticulum |
| mitochondrion | release energy; called the "powerhouse" of the cell; food molecules are broken down here and energy is released |
| vacuole | storage area of the cell; usually contains water, food molecules, or waste products; usually much larger in plant cells |
| chloroplast | large, green oval-shaped organelle in which photosynthesis takes place; contains chlorophyll |
| lysosome | small, round structures involved in the digestive activities of the cell; contain enzymes that break down large molecules into smaller ones; digest wastes, old cell parts, and foreign invaders! |
| organelles | structures within the cell that have a particular function |
| RNA (ribonucleic acid) | carries codes for making proteins |
| procaryote (procaryotic) | cells that do not have a nucleus; nuclear material is scattered throughout the cytoplasm; no membrane-bound organelles; circular DNA |
| eukaryote (eukaryotic) | cells that have a nucleus contained in a membrane-bound structure; contain organelles; have linear DNA |
| nucleolus | small, round structure inside the nucleus where ribosomes are made |
