| A | B |
|---|
| Q: This is anything that takes up space | matter |
| Everything living and nonliving is made of __________ | matter |
| substances that can’t be broken down into simpler chemical substances | elements |
| elements are made of how many types of atoms? | 1 |
| This is the smallest particle of an element that cannot be broken down by chemical means | atom |
| This is the symbol for an electron | e- |
| this is the symbol for a proton | p+ |
| this is the symbol for a neutron | n0 |
| where is a proton located? | nucleus |
| where is an electron located? | electron cloud |
| where is a neutron located? | nucleus |
| what is the charge of an electron? | negative |
| what is the charge of a proton? | positive |
| what is the charge of a neutron? | neutral |
| proton number is always equal to the number of what other atomic particle? | electron |
| how many electrons are found in the 4th energy level? | 18 |
| how many electrons are found in the 1st energy level? | 2 |
| how many electrons are found in the 2nd energy level? | 8 |
| True or false: electrons must fill one energy level before moving to the next | true |
| atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons | isotopes |
| isotopes differ in the number of which atomic particle? | neutrons |
| substances that are made of 2 or more types of atoms that are chemically combined | compounds |
| This bond is formed by the sharing of electrons | covalent |
| the losing or the gaining of electrons creates this type of bond | ionic |
| this happens when a hydrogen atom is bonded to an oxygen, and is attracted to other polar molecules | hydrogen bond |
| these occur when bonds are formed or broken, causing substances to recombine into different substances | chemical reactions |
| all the chemical reactions that occur within an organism | metabolism |
| substances that undergo chemical reactions | reactants |
| substances formed by chemical reactions | reactants |
| True or false: To balance an equation, you will have different amounts of atoms of each element on both the reactant side and the product side | false |
| the energy needed to start a chemical reaction | activation energy |
| chemical substances that reduce the activation energy of a reaction, therefore speeding it up | catalysts |
| a combination of substances in which the individual components retain their own properties | mixture |
| substance dissolved in the solution | solute |
| substance in which another substance is dissolved | solvent |
| this term refers to when a solution can hold no more solute, and therefore the solute settles to the bottom | saturated |
| this type of solution uses water as a solvent | aqueous solution |
| these have more H+ (hydronium) than OH- (hydroxide) ions and are sour in taste | acids |
| these have more OH- (hydroxide) than H+ (hydronium) ions and are bitter in taste | bases |
| this scale compares the degree to which a substance is an acid or base | pH Scale |
| a substance with a pH of 7 is what | neutral |
| a substance with a pH of 11 is what type of substance | base |
| a substance with a pH of 2 is what type of substance | acid |
| chemical substances that neutralize acids and bases | buffers |
| a molecule with an unequal distribution of charge | polar molecule |
| What type of bond makes up water? | hydrogen |
| true or false: water is denser as a solid than as a liquid | false |
| the attraction of water molecules to one another | cohesion |
| the attraction of water to other polar molecules | adhesion |
| organic compounds contain what element | carbov |
| molecules that are made up of repeated, linked monomers | polymers |
| these are types of sugars | carbohydrates |
| these are simple sugars | monosaccharides |
| compounds with the same chemical formula but different structures | isomers |
| these are made of 3+ sugars | polysaccharides |
| the head of a phospholipid that attracts water is | hydrophilic |
| the tail of a phospholipid that repels water is | hydrophobic |
| are the monomer building blocks of proteins | amino acids |
| these are made of amino acids | proteins |
| these are made of three or more amino acids | polypeptides |
| this contains genetic information | DNA |
| this stores and transfers information used in making proteins | RNA |
