| A | B |
|---|
| Atom | smallest particle |
| Nucleus | center of the atom that contains protons and neutrons |
| Electrons | negatively charged particles located outside the atomic nucleus |
| Compound | substances formed by two or more elements |
| Chemical Bond | bond that holds compounds together |
| Covalent Bond | bond that is formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms |
| Ionic Bond | bond that is formed when two or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another |
| Ion | an atom that has a positive or negative charge |
| Molecule | smallest unit in most compounds |
| Cohesion | attraction between molecules of the same substance |
| Adhesion | attraction between molecules of different substances |
| Mixture | materials composed of two or more elements or compounds that do not chemically change |
| Solution | two or more substances in which the molecules of the substances are evenly distributed |
| Solute | substance that is dissolved in a solvent to make a solution (Kool-Aid added to water) |
| Solvent | substance in which a solute is dissolved to make a solution (water added to Kool-Aid) |
| PH Scale | concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution ranges from 0 - 14 |
| Acids | compounds that form hydrogen ions in a solution |
| Bases | compounds that produce hydroxide ions in a solution |
| Buffer | substance that weakens Acids (H ions) or Bases (OH ions) |
| Macromolecules | large molecules formed by the joining of hundreds of thousands of smaller molecules |
| monomers | smallest units joined together to form polymers |
| Four groups of organic compounds found in living things | carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins |
| Carbohydrates | used by living thins as their main source of energy |
| Monosaccharide | single sugar (glucose, fructose, and galactose) |
| polysaccharides | macromolecules formed from monosaccharides |
| Lipids | fats, oils, and waxes which can be used to store energy |
| Nucleic Acids (contents) | hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus |
| Nucleic Acids (function) | store and transmit hereditary or genetic information |
| Nucleic Acids (types) | ribonucleic acid (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) |
| Proteins | help to carry out chemical reactions, transport small molecules in and out of cells, and fight diseases |
| Chemical Reaction (definition) | a process that changes one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals |
| Reactants | the elements or compounds that enter into a chemical reaction |
| Products | the elements or compounds produced by a chemical reaction |
| Chemical Reaction (function) | the breaking of bonds in reactants and the formation of new bonds in products |
| Enzymes | proteins that speed up chemical reactions in cells |
| Catalyst | substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction |
| substrate | substance to which enzymes bind. Reactant of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction |
