| A | B |
|---|
| astrolabe | A device used to measure the angle of the sun and stars above the horizon |
| caravel | A ship with square and triangular sails |
| cartographer | A mapmaker |
| circumnavigate | To sail around the world |
| sepoy | An indian soldier |
| Vasco da Gama | First European to reach India by sea |
| Ferdinand Magellan | "First" person to circumnavigate the earth by sea |
| Christopher Columbus | "First" European to reach the New World |
| Amerigo Vespucci | America is named after this person |
| Henry the Navigator | Portuguese ruler who encouraged ocean exploration |
| Jamestown | First permanent English settlement in the New World |
| Middle Passage | Part of a trade network that sent enslaved people from Africa to the Americas |
| encomienda | The right the Spanish government granted to its American colonists to demand labor or tribute from Native Americans |
| plantation | Large estate run by an owner or overseer and worked by laborers who live there |
| viceroy | Representative who ruled one of Spain's provinces in the Americas in the king's name |
| Hernan Cortes | Conquistador who conquered the Aztecs |
| Shaka Zulu | African leader and warrior |
| Francisco Pizarro | Conquistador who used deceit, trickery and weapons to defeat the Incas |
| mercantilism | Policy in which a nation sought to export more than it imported in order to build its supply of gold and silver |
| Moctezuma | Aztec emperor |
| Ming Policy on Trade | They restricted foreign trade |
| Spanish Explorers in America | Want gold . . . |
