| A | B |
|---|
| Qin Dynasty | Established in221 BCE at the end of the warring states period decline of the Zhou dynasty |
| Han Dynasty | Chinese dynasty that succeeded the Qin in 202 BCE; ruled for 400 years |
| Confucius | Also known as Kung Fuzi; major Chinese philosopher and author of the Analects; philosophy based on the restoration of order through advice of superior men |
| Buddha | Creator of major Indian and Asian religion; taught that enlightenment could be achieved only by abandoning desires for earthy things. |
| Aryans | Indo-European nomadic pastoralists who replaced Harrapan civilization; militarized society |
| Chandragupts Maurya | Founder of Maurya dynasty; established first empire in Indian subcontinental;first centralized government since Harrapan civilization |
| Ashoka | Grandson of Chandragupta Maurya; completed conquest of Indian subcontinent; converted to Buddhism and sponsored spread of new religion |
| Guptas | Dynasty the succeeded the Kushans in the 3rd century CE; built an empire that extended to all but the southern regions of the Indian subcontinental; less centralized than Mauryan Empire |
| Stupas | Stone shrines built to hous pieces of bone or hair and personal possessions said to be relics of Buddha |
| Scholar-gentry | Chinese class created by the marital linkage of the local hand-holding aristocracy with the office holding shi |
| Hellenistic Period | The culture associated with the spread of Greek influence as a result of Macedonian conquests; often seen as a combination of Greek culture with eastern political forms |
| Julius Caesar | Roman general responsible for the conquest of Gaul; brought army back to Rome and overthrew the republic; assassinated in 44 BCE by conservative senators |
| Direct democracy | Where people participate directly in assemblies that make laws and select leaders; rather than electing representatives |
| Stoics | Hellenistic group of philosophers; emphasized inner moral independence cultivated by strict discipline of the body and personal bravery |
| Aristotle | Greek philosopher; teacher of Alexander the Great; knowledge based onobservation of phenomenon in material world |
