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| affix | one or more letters occurring as a bound form attached to the beginning, end, or base of a word |
| alliteration | the repetition of initial consonant sounds in words |
| allusion | an implied or indirect reference in literature to a familiar person, place, or event |
| antonym | a word that is the opposite in meaning to another word |
| argumentative writing | writing that supports a position on or a claim about a particular topic through the use of logic, reasons, and evidence, often acknowledging and/or developing a counterclaim |
| compare/contrast | to place characters, situations, or ideas together to show common and/or differing features in literary selections |
| complex sentence | a sentence that consists of at least one independent clause and at least one subordinate clause |
| compound sentence | a sentence that consists of two or more independent clauses and no subordinate clauses |
| compound-complex sentence | a sentence that consists of at least two independent clauses and at least one subordinate clause |
| counterclaim | an argument that is in opposition to the claim/position provided in a piece of argumentative writing |
| dialogue | the conversation between or among characters in a literary work |
| figurative language | language that cannot be taken literally since it was written to create a special effect or feeling |
| focus | the center of interest or attention |
| generalization | a conclusion drawn from specific information that is used to make a broad statement about a topic or person |
| genre | a category used to classify literary works |
| hyperbole | an exaggeration or overstatement |
| idiom | an expression that cannot be understood if taken literally |
| irony | the use of a word or phrase to mean the exact opposite of its literal or usual meaning |
| main idea | the author’s central thought; the chief topic of a text expressed or implied in a word or phrase; the topic sentence of a paragraph |
| multiple-meaning words | a word that has several meanings depending on how it is used in a sentence |
| personification | an object or abstract idea given human qualities or human form |
| resolution | the part of a story following the climax in which the conflict is resolved |
| sonnet | a lyric poem of fourteen lines with rhymes arranged according to certain definite patterns |
| text structure | the author’s method of structuring a text; the way a text is structured from beginning to end |
| theme | a topic of discussion or work; a major idea broad enough to cover the entire scope of a literary work |
| tone | the attitude of the author toward the audience, characters, subject, and/or topic |
| Imagery | Language that poets use to appeal to the senses |
| Simile | A direct comparison of two unlike things using a word of comparison such as like or as. |
| metaphor | A comparison of two unlike things without using any words of comparison. |
| Implied metaphor | An implied comparison of two unlike things, where one is not stated. |
| symbol | An object, person, place, or action that represents something beyond its literal meaning, such as a quality, concept, or value. |
| Assonance | the repetition of vowel sounds in words near each other |
| Consonance | the repetition of consonant sounds in words near each other |
| Rhyme | the repetition of accented vowel sounds as well as the following consonant sounds |
| End Rhyme | Words that rhyme at the end of lines in poetry. |
| Internal Rhyme | Words that rhyme with one being within a line and another being at the end of the same line, or within another line. |
| onomatopoeia | Naming the sound of a thing or action. |
| Speaker | The voice in a poem; may be the poet or a character created in the poem. |
| Stanza | A group of lines forming a unit in a poem. |
| Cliche | An over-used expression |
| Poetry | literary work in which special intensity is given to the expression of feelings and ideas by using style and rhythm. |
| Poem | A type of text that aims to present ideas and evoke an emotional experience in the reader through the use of meter, imagery, and connotative and concrete words. |
