| A | B |
|---|
| Why is the model of membranes called fluid mosaic model | Due to the kinks in the carbons at the cis double bond the phospholipids don't fit together so the lipid bylayer is not a rigid structure but a one that is dynamic and fluid-like |
| What is the function of the lipid bilayer in a cell membrane | because its structural components provide the barrier that prevents the contents from inside the cell from mixing with fluid from the outside of the cell |
| What is the function of cholesterol in a cell membrane | reduce flexibility of lipid bilayer and strengthen the cell membrane |
| Where are proteins located in cell membranes | throughout the entire lipid bilayer and on both surfaces of the cell membrane |
| What is the function of carbohydrates on a cell membrane | they are responsible for cell recognition and communication with chemical messengers such as hormones and neurotransmitters |
| Why are cell membranes semipermiable | so nutrients can enter the cell and waste products can leave |
| lipids | property of being insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents |
| saturated fatty acids | contain only carbon-carbon SINGLE bonds making properties similar to alkanes |
| unsaturated fatty acids | contain one or more carbon-carbon DOUBLE bonds |
| Monounsaturated | long carbon chain containing ONE double bond; properties similar to alkenes |
| Polyunsaturated | has at least TWO OR MORE carbon -carbon double bonds |
| melting point of fatty acids | as the carbon chain INCREASES- HIGHER temperatures are needed for melting |
| saturated fatty acids are ______ at room temperature | solid |
| unsaturated fats melting point is lower than saturated fats due to ________ | Cis double bond which causes the carbon chain to kink |
| Most unsaturated fatty acids are ______ at room temperature | liquid |
| Fat is _____ at room temperature and comes from an _______ source | Solid; animal |
| oil is ______ at room temperature and comes from a _______ source | liquid; Plant |
| In hydrogenation ______ atoms are added to one or more of the carbon to carbon double bonds to form single bonds | HYDROGEN (H+) |
| In hydrolysis _____ is added in the presence of a strong acid | H2O |
| What products are formed from hydrolysis of ester bonds | GLYCEROL and FATTY ACIDS |
| In digestion _______ is the acid used for hydrolysis | LIPASE |
| Saponification | hydrolysis with a strong base such as NaOH |
| What are the products of saponification of fat | GLYCEROL and SOAP |
| interesterification | lipase enzyme is used to hydrolyze ester bonds in triacylglycerol oils forming glycerol and fatty acids and giving properties of solid and semi solid saturated fats |
| What are the 3 amino alcohols found in triacylglycerols | Choline; serline and ethanolamine |
| Wax function | prevent water loss and protect from insects on plants; provides water proof coat on animals |
| Triglycerols (fats, Oils) funtion | major source of energy storage in animals |
| Glycerophospholipid- cephalins and lecithins | abundant in brain and nerve tissue |
| sphygnomyelin | abundant in MYELIN sheath, increase nerve impulse speed and insulates/protects nerve |
| Steroid - Cholesterol | synthesize steroid hormones; strengthen cell membrane |
| Steroid - bile salts | Breaks dow large globules of fat into small droplets, similar to what soap does |
| Lipoprotein | transport cholesterol |
| wax | triesters of glycerol and 3 fatty acids |
| saponification | when fat is heated withNaOH and gives products of glycerol and soaps |
| glycerophospholipids | most important lipid in cell membrane; important role in cellular permeability |
