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Reliability, Validity, and Bias

Review of Terms and Concepts

AB
reliabilityconsistency in assessment results
validityaccuracy of assessment instruments
used as evidence of stability reliabilitytest-retest
statistical test used in test-retestcorrelation coefficient
weak correlation0
strong correlation1
classification-consistencypercentage of student classifications consistent over time
alternate form reliabilityconsistency of results among 2 or more forms of a test
internal consistency reliabilitythe degree of consistency among items measuring a single variable
standard error of measurementconsistency of multiple attempts on an assessment by the same individual
curricular aimbody of knowledge students are expected to learn
content related validityextent that an assessment represents curricular aim
criterion related validityaccuracy that assessment predicts student performance on external standard
construct related validityaccuracy of instrument in measuring hypothetical variables
offensivenessexample of assessment bias
unfair penalizationassessmet demonstrating preference toward one group over another
disparate impactdifferential effect on a particular group
norm-referenced measurementinterpret results of student performance based on data from previous test takers
criterion-referenced measurementabsolute interpretation based on actual student performance


Director of Institutional Research
Columbia International University
Columbia, SC

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