| A | B |
|---|
| Trait | All of the features that an organism inherits |
| Gene | A part of the DNA code on a chromosome |
| Genotype | The genes that an organism has |
| Phenotype | The combination of genetic makeup and the environment's effect on that makeup: the physical appearance |
| Heterzygous | Organisms that have two different alleles for the same trait |
| Homozygous | Organisms that have the same alleles for a trait: can be either dominant or recessive |
| Genetics | The study of heredity |
| Allele | The different forms of a gene |
| Dominant | Alleles that will show their effect on the phenotype whenever they are present in the genotype |
| Recessive | Alleles that will show their effect on the phenotype only when two of them for a particular trait are present in the genotype |
| Punnett square | A chart used to help understand and make genetic predictions |
| Evolution | The change in the genetics of a species over time |
| Natural selection | The process by which organisms that are suited to a particular environment are better able to survive and reproduce than organisms that are not |
| Adaptive radiation | The production of several species from one ancestral species |
| Mutation | The process in which DNA changes result in new alleles |
| Extinction | When the last individual of a species dies |
