| A | B |
|---|
| Term | Definition |
| SUM | sum ? the answer to an addition problem Ex. 4 + 5 = 9?The sum is 9. |
| DIFFERENCE | difference ? the answer to a subtraction problem Ex. 8 ? 2 = 6?The difference is 6. |
| PRODUCT | product ? the answer to a multiplication problem Ex. 3 ? 4 = 12?The product is 12. |
| QUOTIENT | quotient ? the answer to a division problem Ex. 18 ” 6 = 3?The quotient is 3. |
| ESTIMATE | estimate (noun/verb) ? an answer that is close to the real
answer; to quickly perform an approximation
Ex. 28.7 + 42.25 ö 30 + 40 = 70?The estimate is 70. |
| COMPATIBLE NUMBERS | compatible numbers ? numbers that can be divided evenly;
useful in estimating quotients
Ex. 27.2 ” 4.14 ö 28 ” 4 = 7?28 and 4 are compatible #s. |
| PROPER FRACTION | proper fraction ? a fraction that represents a positive number that has a value less than 1 (denominator is larger than numerator)
Ex. 3 is a proper fraction.
4 |
| Term | Definition |
| IMPROPER FRACTION | improper fraction ? a fraction that represents a positive number
that has a value more than 1 (numerator is larger than denominator)
Ex. 7 is an improper fraction.
6 |
| EQUIVALENT FRACTION | equivalent fraction ? a fraction that has the same value as a given fraction
Ex. 2 and 4 are equivalent fractions.
3 6 |
| SIMPLEST FORM | simplest form (of a fraction) ? an equivalent fraction for which
the only common factor of the numerator and denominator is 1
Ex. The simplest form of the fraction 20 is 2.
30 3 |
| MIXED NUMBER | mixed number ? the sum of a whole number and a fraction
Ex. 3 1 is a mixed number.
4 |
| RECIPROCAL | reciprocal ? a number that can be multiplied by another number to make 1 (numerator and denominator are switched)
Ex. 8 is the reciprocal of 3 because 8 ? 3 = 1
3 8 3 8 |
| PERCENT | percent ? a ratio that compares a number to 100
Ex. 25% is a percent that represents 25 (1).
100 4 |
| SEQUENCE | sequence ? a set of numbers that follow a pattern Ex. 4, 6, 8, 10, 12?is a sequence of numbers. |
| Term | Definition |
| ARITHMETIC SEQUENCE | arithmetic sequence ? a sequence where each term is found by
adding or subtracting the exact same number to the previous term
Ex. 4, 6, 8, 10, 12?is an arithmetic sequence (add 2) |
| GEOMTRIC SEQUENCE | geometric sequence ? a sequence where each term is found by
multiplying or dividing by the exact same number to the previous term
Ex. 2, 6, 18, 54, 162?is a geometric sequence (multiply 3) |
| GROUPING SYMBOLS | Ex. (parenthesis), [brackets], {braces}, long˜division
bar |
| ORDER OF OPERATIONS | order of operations ? the procedure to follow when
simplifying a numerical expression
1 ? Grouping symbols 2 ? Exponents
3 ? Multiplication and Division (from left to right) 4 ? Addition and Subtraction (from left to right) |
| NUMERICAL EXPRESSION | numerical expression ? a mathematical phrase that contains
numbers and operation symbols
Ex. 14 + 8 ” 4 ? 21 |
| VARIABLE EXPRESSION | variable expression ? a mathematical phrase that contains
variables, numbers, and operation symbols
Ex. 45 ? (x + 3y) |
| Term | Definition |
| EVALUATE | evaluate ? to replace variables with numbers and then simplify an expression
Ex. To evaluate 4x + 10 when x = 3, replace ?x? with 3 and simplify: 4(3) + 10 = 12 + 10 = 22 |
| ABSOLUTE VALUE | absolute value ? the distance a number is from zero on the
number line
Ex. |-3| = 3; ?The absolute value of -3 is 3.? |
| OPPOSITES | opposites ? pairs of numbers that have the same absolute value Ex. 4 and -4 are opposites because they are 4 units from 0. |
| INTEGERS | integers ? the set of numbers that includes whole numbers and their opposites |
| X-AXIS | x-axis ? the horizontal number line that, together with the y-axis, establishes the coordinate plane |
| Y-AXIS | y-axis ? the vertical number line that, together with the
x-axis, establishes the coordinate plane |
| COORDINATE PLANE | coordinate plane ? plane formed by two number lines (the
horizontal x-axis and the vertical y-axis) intersecting at their zero points |
| QUADRANT | quadrant ? one of four sections on the coordinate plane formed by the intersection of the x-axis and the y-axis |
| Term | Definition |
| ORDERED PAIR | ordered pair ? a pair of numbers that gives the location of a point in the coordinate plane. Also referred to as the ?coordinates? of a point
Ex. The ordered pair (3, 2) describes the location that is found by moving 3 units to the right of zero on the x-axis and then 2 units up from the x-axis. |
| ORIGIN | origin ? the intersection of the x-axis and the y-axis on the coordinate plane
Ex. The origin is described by the ordered pair (0,0). |
| X-COORDINATE | x-coordinate ? the number that indicates the position of a point to the left or right of the y-axis
Ex. The 4 in (4,3) is the x-coordinate, and tells you to move 4 places to the right of the y-axis |
| Y-COORDINATE | y-coordinate ? the number that indicates the position of a point above or below the x-axis
Ex. The 3 in (4,3) is the y-coordinate, and tells you to move 3 places above the x-axis |
| EQUATION | equation ? a mathematical sentence that uses an equals (=) sign to indicate that the side to the left of the equals sign has the same value as the side to the right of the equals sign
Ex. The equation x + 4 = 10 has a solution of x = 6. |
| INVERSE OPERATION | inverse operations ? operations that undo each other Ex. Addition and subtraction are inverse operations.
Multiplication and division are also inverse operations. |
| Term | Definition |
| INEQUALITY | inequality ? a mathematical sentence that uses a symbol (<, >, ¢, •, ?) to indicate that the left and right
sides of the sentence hold values that are different
Ex. The inequality x > 8 has an infinite number of solutions. |
| PERIMETER | perimeter ? the distance around the outside of a figure
Ex. The perimeter of a rectangle whose length is 18 feet and width is 5 feet is: 18+5+18+5 = 46 feet. |
| CIRCUMFERENCE | circumference ? the distance around a circle
Ex. The circumference of a circle whose radius is 4 inches is: 2?(4) = 8? inches or approximately 25.12 inches. |
| AREA | area ? the number of square units inside a 2-dimensional figure
Ex. The area of a rectangle whose length is 18 feet and width is 5 feet is: 18?5 = 90 square feet. |
| VOLUME | volume ? the number of cubic units inside a 3-dimensional figure
Ex. The volume of a rectangular prism whose length is 10 feet, width is 4 feet, and height is 2 feet is: 10?4?2 = 80 cubic feet. |
| RADIUS | radius ? a line segment that runs from the center of the circle to somewhere on the circle
O A
Ex. OA is a radius |
| Term | Definition |
| CHORD | chord ? a line segment that runs from somewhere on the circle to another place on the circle
O A
Ex. AB is a chord
B |
| DIAMETER | diameter ? a chord that passes through the center of the circle
R
Ex. RS is a diameter O
S |
| CENTRAL TENDENCY | central tendency ? an attempt to find the ?average? or
?central value? of a given set of data.
Ex. In statistics, there are three main measures of central tendency: MEAN, MEDIAN, MODE |
| MEAN | mean ? the sum of the data items divided by the number of data items
Ex. The mean of (16, 10, 13, 11, 10) is 60/5 = 12. |
| MEDIAN | median ? the middle data item found after sorting the data items in ascending order; could be the mean of two middle numbers if the data set has an even number of items
Ex. The median of (10, 10, 11, 13, 16) is 11. |
| MODE | mode ? the data item that occurs most often; there could be no mode, one mode, or multiple modes
Ex. The mode of (10, 10, 11, 13, 16) is 10. |
| Term | Definition |
| RANGE | range ? the difference between the highest and the lowest data item
Ex. The range of (10, 10, 11, 13, 16) is 16 ? 10 = 6. |
| OUTLIER | outlier ? a data item that is much higher or much lower than all the other data items
Ex. The outlier of (2, 3, 5, 5, 6, 7, 10, 45) is 45. |
| RATIO | ratio ? a comparison of two quantities by division
Ex. The ratio of students to faculty members at a given university is 16:1 (also 16 to 1?or 16/1). |
| RATE | rate ? a ratio that compares quantities measured in different units
Ex. The student?s typing rate was 200 words per 6 minutes. |
| UNIT RATE | unit rate ? a rate that has a denominator of 1
Ex. The unit rate describing his speed was 14 meters per second. |
| PROPORTION | proportion ? a statement (equation) showing two ratios to be equal
Ex. 3 = 9 is a proportion.
4 12 |
| CONGRUENT FIGURES | congruent figures ? figures that have the same size AND same
shape
A Y X
Ex. ?ABC ? ?XYZ Z
B C |
| Term | Definition |
| SIMILAR FIGURES | similar figures ? figures that have the same shape BUT
different size. The corresponding sides of similar figures are proportional in length.
A R
Ex. ?ABC ~ ?RST
B C
S T |
| SCALE DRAWING | scale drawing ? an enlarged or reduced drawing that is similar to an actual object or place |
| SCALE | scale ? the ratio of the model distance to the actual distance Ex. The scale on the map is 1 in. to 25 mi. |
| OUTCOMES | outcomes ? possible results of action |
| EVENT | event ? an outcome or a group of outcomes |
| COMPLEMENT of an event | complement (of an event) ? the opposite of the event |
| PROBABILITY | probability ? a ratio that explains the likelihood of an event |
| THEORETICAL PROBABILITY | theoretical probability ? the ratio of the number of favorable
outcomes to the number of possible outcomes (based on what is expected to occur).
Ex. The theoretical probability of rolling a four on the 6-sided die is 1.
6 |
| Term | Definition |
| EXPERIMENTAL PROBABILITY | experimental probability ? the ratio of the number of times an
event occurs to the number of times an experiment is done (based on real experimental data).
Ex. If you actually roll the die 25 times and it lands on the four 5 times, the
experimental probability is 5 or 1.
25 5 |
| DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY | distributive property ? a way to simplify an expression that
contains a single term being multiplied by a group of terms.
***For any numbers a, b, and c, a(b + c) = ab + ac
Ex. 5(2x + 3) = 10x + 15 |
| TERM | term ? a number, a variable, or product of a number and a variable(s)
Ex. There are 3 terms in the expression: 4x + y + 2 |
| CONSTANT | Constant ? a term with no variable part (i.e. a number) |
| COEFFICIENT | Coefficient ? a number that multiplies a variable Ex. For the term 8x, the 8 is the coefficient. |
| LIKE TERMS | like terms ? terms with the same variable part (including exponent)?like terms can be combined using the distributive property in reverse
Ex. 4x + 6x = (4 + 6)x = 10x |
| Term | Definition |
| DISCOUNT | discount ? the amount by which a price is decreased
Ex. If shoes marked at $56 have a discount of $10, the new price is now $46. |
| MARKUP | Markup ? the amount by which a price is increased
Ex. If the jacket was purchased at $25 from the manufacturer, and a $50 markup is applied, the new price is $75. |
