| A | B |
|---|
| Laissez-Faire | A policy that let business owners operate without or with minimum government interference |
| Philanthropist | Someone who gives away a lot of their money to charity. |
| Robber Baron | Someone who became rich through ruthless means. |
| Old Immigrants | Came from Western Europe in the middle of the 1800s, and their cultural was close to what already existed in America. |
| New Immigrants | Came from Southern & Eastern Europe and their cultures were very different from those already in America. |
| Advantages of Big Business | Raise lots of capital, modern factories, advertising campaigns. |
| Tenement | Slummy, poor living conditions |
| Vertical Integration | Type of monopoly where 1 person owns all the companies that provided materials and services his company needed. |
| Horizontal Integration | Type of monopoly where 1 person owns all the other companies involved in the same business. |
| Nativism | The idea that native born America deserved more rights. |
| Social Darwinism | Using natural selection to explain why some people were rich and some were poor. |
| Labor Unions | An organized group of workers (typically all from one profession) who fight for rights, pay, benefits, etc... |
| Ellis Island | Port of entry on the East Coast of U.S. (New York) |
| Angel Island | Port of entry on the West Coast of the U.S. (San Francisco). |
| "Gilded Age" | Term coined by Mark Twain that meant that the external wealth of some Americans covered up the conditions of the poor. |
| Gilding | Inferior material (like wood) that is covered in gold paint so that it appears to be completely made of gold. |
| The Jungle | Novel written by Sinclair that demonstrated the abuses by the meatpacking plants in Chicago |
| Sinclair's reason for writing The Jungle | Expose how badly immigrants/workers were being treated in factories. |
| Public's reaction to The Jungle | Horrified by how food was being produced in unsanitary conditions. Led to the first food-safety laws. |
| Andrew Carnegie | Industrialist & discovered how to mass produce steel. |
| John D. Rockefeller | Industrialist & creator of Standard Oil. |
| Cornelius "Commodore" Vanderbilt | Industrialist who earned fortune in shipping (boats & railroads). |
| Captain of Industry | Wealthy industrialist who has a positive effect upon the country. |
