| A | B |
|---|
| NUCLEOTIDE | building block of nucleic acid consists of a base, pentose sugar (ribose or dexyribose) and phosphate |
| NUCLEOSIDE | combination of pentose sugar and base (no phosphate) |
| OKAZAKI FRAGMENTS | short segment formed by DNA polymerase in daughter DNA strand that runs in the 3' to 5' |
| DNA FINGERPRINTS | uses PCR to identify individuals based on a set of 13 hereditary traits |
| VIRUS | a small particle containing DNA and RNA in a protein coat that requires a host cell for replication |
| RETROVIRUS | a virus containing RNA as its genetic material and that synthesizes a complementary DNA strand inside a cell |
| STRUCTURAL GENE | a gene that codeS for a structural protein, an enzyme, or an RNA molecule not involved in regulation |
| MUTATION | a change in the DNA base sequence that may alter the shape and function of a protein |
| SUBSTITUTION (POINT MUTATION) | the substitution of ONE BASE in the DNA template with another |
| DELETION FRAMESHIFT (mutation) | a base is DELETED from the normal order of bases in the template DNA; all triplets shift by one base |
| INSEERTION FRAMESHIFT (mutation) | a base is INSERTED in the normal order of bases in the template DNA; all triplets shift by one base |
| GENETIC DISEASE | a physical malformation or metabolic dysfunction caused by mutation in the bases of DNA |
| HELICASE | separate double-stranded DNA into single strands allowing each strand to be copied (UNWIND) |
| mRNA (messenger RNA) | produced in the nucleus of the DNA, carries genetic information to the ribosomes for construction of a protein |
| tRNA (transfer RNA) | places a specific amino acid into a peptide chain at the ribosome so a protein can be made |
| rRNA (ribosomal RNA) | most prevalent type of RNA, combines with proteins to make ribosomes |
| DNA | genetic materials of all cells containing nucleotides with deoxyribose, phosphate and 4 bases |
| PURINE BASES | 2 rings each having 2 H+ |
| PYRIMIDINE | a single ring having 2 H+ |
| NUCLEOTIDE STRUCTURE | composed of one base, a sugar and a PHOSPHATE GROUP forms a phosphoester bond with C5' |
| NUCLEOSIDES STRUCTURE | composed of one base and one sugar, either deoxyribose or ribose, forms a glycosidic bond C1' |
| DNA COMPLIMENTARY PAIRS | adenine pairs with thymine; guanine paired with cytosine |
| RNA COMPLIMENTARY PAIRS | adenine pairs with uracil; gaunine pairs with cytosine as in DNA |
| REPLICATION | process of duplicating DNA by pairing the bases on each parent strand with their complementary bases |
| TRANSCRIPTION | transfer of genetic material from DNA by the formation of mRNA |
| TRANSLATION | interpretation of the codons in mRNA as amino acids in a peptide |
