| A | B |
|---|
| THE STRUCTURE OF 2 STRANDS OF NUCLEOTIDES IN DNA IS CALLED | double helix |
| The base pairs along one DNA strand are ________ to the base pairs on the opposite strand | complementary |
| HELICASE | the enzyme that catalyzes the unwinding of a section of the DNA double helix |
| REPLICATION FORK | the points in open sections of DNA where replication begins |
| DNA POLYMERASE | the enzyme that catalyzes the formation of phosphodiester bonds between nucleotides |
| OKAZAKI FRAGMENT | short segments produced in the formation of the 3' to 5' daughter strand |
| LAGGING STRAND | the new DNA strand that is synthesized in the 3' to 5' direction |
| LEADING STRAND | the new DNA strand that grows in the 5' to 3' direction during the formation of daughter DNA |
| rRNA | most abundant type of RNA in the cell and the major component of ribosomes, consists of 2 subunits |
| tRNA | carries specific amino acids to the ribosome for protein synthesis and has the shortest chain of nucleotides |
| mRNA | the RNA that carries information from DNA to the ribosomes for protein synthesis |
| Transcription takes place in the _______ | NUCLEUS |
| section s in genes that code for proteins | EXONS |
| section in genes the DO NOT code for proteins | INTRONS |
| ANTICODON | three bases in tRNA that complements a codon on the mRNA |
| ACTIVATION | the combining of amino acids with a specific tRNA |
| INITIATION | the placement of methionine on the large ribosome |
| TRANSLOCATION | the shift of the ribosome from one codon on mRNA to the next |
| TERMINATION | the process that occurs when the ribosome reaches a UAA or UGA codon on the mRNA |
| HUMAN GENOME PROJECT | research that is mapping the DNA sequences for all the genes in a human cell |
| RECOMBINANT DNA | synthetic form of DNA that contains a piece of foreign DNA |
| PLASMIDS | small, circular DNA molecules found in E Coli bacteria |
| POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION | a process that makes multiple copies of DNA in a short amount of time |
| RESTRICTION ENZYMES | enzymes that cut open the DNA strands in the plasmids |
| CODON | sequence of 3 bases in mRNA that specifies a certain amino acid to be placed in a protein |
