| A | B |
|---|
| immunity to smallpox | the conquistadors’ biggest advantage in defeating the Aztec and the Inca |
| Vasco Nunez de Balboa | crew was the first to circumnavigate the globe |
| Columbian Exchange | Plants and animals were transferred among Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Americas. |
| an example of the 3 G's | The economic theory of Mercantilism urged European nation to acquire more gold to strength their nation. |
| Francisco Pizarro | conquistador who conquered the Incas |
| St. Augustine | earliest European city founded in North America |
| Treaty of Tordesillas | Pope's decree stating that the lands of the New World should be shared between Spain and Portugal |
| Merchantilism | the economic theory that trade generates wealth and adds to the power of the nation |
| Juan Ponce de Leon | Spanish conquistador who explored Florida |
| Martin Luther | German priest who wrote the 95 Theses, which started the Protestant Reformation |
| Bartolome de Las Casas | suggested the replacing Native American slaves with Africans because the Natives died from diseases too easily |
| Henry VIII | established the Anglican Church in 1534 |
| Henry the Navigator | established a school of navigation and funded explorations for Portugal. |
| astrolabe | A navigational device which allowed ships to determine their location by charting the angle of the sun or stars. |
| plantation | A large farm typically with one cash crop. |
| encomienda system | The Spanish system that gave settlers the right to tax and use natives for labor. |
| Leif Eriksson | Viking explorer who arrived in the Americas around 1000 AD |
| an incentive for European colonization of the Americas | Claiming natural resources |
| African Diaspora | The global scattering of African people as a result of the Atlantic slave trade. |
| Middle Passage | The Atlantic crossing portion of the slave trade, brutal crowded conditions. |
