| A | B |
|---|
| GLYCOGENOLYSIS | break down of glycogen to glucose |
| _______IS THE STARTING MATERIAL FOR GLUCOGENESIS | glucose-6-phosphate |
| GLYCOGENESIS IS ACTIVATED BY __________ | insulin |
| GLYCOGENOLYSIS IS ACTIVATED BY | glucagon |
| GLUCOGENSIS | synthesis of glycogen from glucose |
| CORI CYCLE | lactate produced in muscles is used for glucose synthesis in the liver and used again by the muscle |
| PYRUVATE CARBOXYLATE | enzyme used in gluconeogenisis that is not used in glycoysis |
| PYRUVATE KINASE | enzyme used in glycolysys not used in gluconeogenesis |
| GLYCOLYSIS | starting compound is glucose produces 3 carbon pyruvate |
| WHAT STAGE OF CATABOLISM INVOLVES DIGESTION OF POLYSACCHARIDES | Stage 1 |
| WHAT STAGE OF CATABOLISM INVOLVES CONVERSION OF SMALL MOLECULES OF CO2, H2O, AND ENERGY FROM SYNTHESIS OF ATP | Stage 3 |
| WHAT IS MEANT BY CATABOLIC REACTION IN METABOLISM | breaks apart large molecules producing energy |
| WHAT IS MEANT BY ANABOLIC REACTION IN METABOLISM | uses energy in the cell to build large molecules needed by the cell |
| EXAMPLES OF CATABOLIC REACTIONS | digestion of fats to fatty acids; hydrolysis of protein into amino acids; glucose and galactose from the disaccharide lactose |
| EXAMPLES OF ANABOLIC REACTION | synthesis of nucleic acids from nucleotides |
| IS PRODUCTION OF CO2 AND H2O IN THE BODY CATABOLIC OR ANABOLIC | catabolic |
| WHY IS ATP CONSIDERED AN ENERGY RICH COMPOUND | when a phosphate group is cleaved from the ATP, sufficient energy is released for energy requiring processes in the cell |
| WHAT IS MEANT WHEN WE SAY THAT HYDROLYSIS OF ATP IS USED TO "DRIVE" A REACTION | The energy produced from the hydrolysis of ATP is used by energy requiring reactions in the body |
| COENZYME CoA CONTAINS | pantothenic acid |
| COENZYME NAD+ AND NADP+ CONTAINS | niacin |
| CONENZYME FAD CONTAINS | ribitol |
| COENZYMES FAD AND FMN CONTAIN | riboflavin |
| COENZYMES NADH+ AND NAD+ BOTH CONTAIN | adenine |
| COENZYME A CONTAINS | aminoethanethiol |
| WHAT IS THE ABBREVIATION FOR REDUCED FORM OF NAD+ | NAD |
| WHAT IS THE ABBREVIATION FOR OXIDIZED FORM OF FADH2 | FAD |
| ABBREVIATION FOR REDUCED FORM OF FAD | FADH2 |
| ABBREVIATION FOR OXIDIZED FORM OF NADPH | NADP+ |
| COENZYME 'FAD' PICKS UP HYDROGEN WHEN _________ DOUBLE BOND IS FORMED | carbon-carbon |
| COENZYME "NAD+" PICKS UP HYDROGEN WHEN _______ DOUBLE BOND IS FORMED | carbon-oxygen |
| HOW IS ATP USED IN INITAL STEPS OF GLYCOLYSIS | required in the phosphorylation reaction |
| HOW MANY ATP ARE USED IN INITIAL STEPS OF GLYCOLYSIS | two |
| WHAT 3 CARBON INTERMEDIATES ARE OBTAINED WHEN FRUCTOSE 1,6-BIPHOSPHATE SPLITS | glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phophate |
| WHY DOES DIHIDROXYACETONE UNDERGO ISOMERIZATION | it is a ketone so it cannot go straight to glyceraldehyde-3-phophate |
| HOW DOES THGE SUBSTRATE PHOSPHYLATION ACCOUNT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ATP IN GLYCOLYSIS | phosphate group is transferred from 1,3-biphosphoglycerate and from phosphoenolpyruvate directly to ADP |
| WHY ARE THERE 2 ATP MOLECULES FORMED FOR 1 MOLECULE OF GLUCOSE | there is a net gain of 2 ATP because 2 ATP were required to start glycolysis |
