| A | B |
|---|
| anaphase | stage of meiotic or mitotic cell division in which the chromosomes move away from one another to opposite poles |
| apoptosis | death of cells which occurs as a normal and controlled part of an organism's growth |
| asexual reproduction | reproduction by which offspring arise from a single organism, and inherit the genes of that parent only |
| blastocyst | stage of development in which some differentiation of cells has occurred |
| cancer | disease caused by an uncontrolled division of abnormal cells in a part of the body |
| cell cycle | sequence of events within the cell between cell divisions |
| cell division | process by which a cell divides into two or more cells |
| cell plate | formation of cell wall between the two daughter cells following cell division |
| centriole | organelle in animal cells that forms/organizes spindle fibers |
| centromere | point on a chromosome where mitotic spindle fibers attach to pull sister chromatids apart |
| chromatid | one of the two adjacent strands of a chromosome generated as a result of duplication |
| chromatin | part of the nucleus that consists of DNA and proteins |
| chromosome | a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells |
| cleavage furrow | indentation of the cell's surface that begins the progression of cleavage, by which animal cells undergo cytokinesis |
| cyclin | proteins associated with the cycle of cell division which are thought to initiate certain processes of mitosis |
| cytokinesis | cytoplasmic division of a cell at the end of mitosis bringing about the separation into two daughter cells |
| differentiation | normal process by which a cell grow to become more distinct in form and function |
| embryo | disease caused by an uncontrolled division of abnormal cells in a part of the body |
| G1 phase | the first growth period of the cell cycle |
| G2 phase | second growth period of the cell cycle during which the cell forms the materials that make up the spindle |
| growth factor | various chemicals that have a variety of important roles in the stimulation of new cell growth |
| interphase | period between two successive divisions of a cell |
| metaphase | stage of cell division during which the chromosomes line up in the equatorial plate and become attached to the spindle fibers. |
| mitosis | cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes |
| multipotent | having the potential of becoming any of several mature cell types |
| pluripotent | stem cell capable of giving rise to several different cell types |
| prophase | stage of cell division during which the chromosomes become visible and the nuclear envelope disappears |
| S phase | part of the cell cycle in which DNA is replicated |
| sexual reproduction | production of new living organisms by combining genetic information from two individuals |
| stem cell | undifferentiated cell capable of giving rise to indefinitely more cells of the same type |
| telophase | chromatids move to opposite ends of the cell and two nuclei are formed |
| totipotent | cell capable of giving rise to any cell type or a complete embryo. |
| tumor | swelling of a part of the body caused by an abnormal growth of cells |
