| A | B |
|---|
| CIS-TRANS ISOMERS | in alkenes when two similar groups are attached to the carbon on the same side, it is termed as Cis isomer and when it is attached to the opposite side it is called as Trans isomer |
| TRIAGLYCEROLS | triesters of glycerol and fatty acids, also called triglycerides |
| GLYCEROPHOSPHOLIPIDS | similar to triaglycerol but contain a phospahte group and either choline, serine or ethanalomine; has polar and nonpolar regions |
| STEROIDS | consists of cholesterol, bile salts and steroid hormones |
| ANTICODON | contined in tRNA and are the bases that complement the codon from mRNA. |
| DNA NUCLEOTIDES | Thymine (U), Cytosine (C), Adenine (A), or Guanine (G) |
| RNA NUCLEOTIDES | adenine, guanine, cytosine or uracil (uracil replaces thymine from DNA) |
| CODON | sequence of three nucleotides that together form a unit of genetic code in a DNA or RNA carried in mRNA |
| OXIDATION | loss of electrons |
| REDUCTION | gain electrons |
| INDUCED-FIT MODEL | a model of enzyme action in which the shape of a substrate and the active site of the enzyme adjust to give optimal fit |
| COMPETETIVE INHIBITOR | a molecule that has similar structure to a substrate and inhibits enzyme action by by competing for the active site |
| ESSENTIAL ALPHA AMINO ACIDS | amino acids that MUST be obtained in the diet |
| PRIMARY STRUCTURE OF PROTEINS | the particular sequence of amino acid held together by peptide bonds |
| SECONDARY STRUCTURE OF PROTEIN | amino acids form hydrogen bonds between atoms in the polypeptide backbone |
| DENATURATION | disruption of the interactions between residue that stabilize the secondary, tertiary and quantenary structures but does not affect the covalent amide bonds of the primary structure |
| ADENINE COMPLIMENTARY BASE PAIR IN DNA IS | thymine |
| ADENINE COMPLIMENTARY BASE PAIR IN RNA IS | uracil |
| GAUNINE COMPLIMENTARY BASE PAIR IN DNA AND RNA IS | cytosine |
| DNA FUNCTION | preserve genetic information |
| RNA FUNCTION | transmits the genetic information needed to operate the cell |
| BONDS IN DNA | hydrogen bonds |
| REPLICATION | process of duplicating DNA by pairing the bases on each parent strand with their complementary bases |
| TRANSCRIPTION | the transfer of genetic information from DNA by formation of mRNA |
| TRANSLATION | interpretation of the codons in mRNA as amino acids in a peptide |
| CATABOLISM | complex molecules broken into smaller ones with RELEASE of energy (makes energy) |
| ANABOLISM | energy in the cell is USED to join smaller molecules to build large ones (requires energy) |
| PRODUCTS OF GLYCOLYSIS | 2 pyruvate which yields 2 NADH and 2 ATP |
| PRODUCTS OF THE CITIRC ACID CYCLE | 2 CO2; 3 NADH+3H+; 1 FADH2; 1 ATP; HS-CoA |
| ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN FUNCTION | transfer electrons from NADH and FADH2 to electron carriers and finally to )2 which produces H20 occurs in the mitochondria and PROVIDES ENERGY for ATP synthesis |
| CHEMIOSTATIC MODEL OF OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION | synthesis of ATP using energy from the hydrogen ions and electrons from NADH and FADH2 that enter electron transport to PRODUCE A HYDROGEN ION GRADIENT |
| BETA OXIDATION | degradation of fatty acids that removes 2 carbons from fatty acid chain at the oxidized beta-carbon per cycle |
| OXIDATIVE DEAMINATION | the loss of ammonium when glutamate is degraded to alpha-ketoglutarate |
| IN THE OXIDATION OF FUMERATE (C=C) THIS IS REDUCED | FAD TO FADH2 |
| IN THE OXIDATION OF MALATE (C=O) THIS IS REDUCED | NAD+ TO NADH + H+ |
| FATS (LIPIDS) ARE DIGESTED IN | stomach |
| THIS EXNZYME IS INVOLVED IN DIGESTION OF PROTEIN | pepsin |
