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| Blockade | an effort to cut off supplies, war material or communications from a particular area by force, either in part or totally. |
| Copperheads | also known as Peace Democrats,[1] were a faction of Democrats in the Northern United States of the Union who opposed the American Civil War and wanted an immediate peace settlement with the Confederates. |
| New York draft riots | were violent disturbances in Lower Manhattan, widely regarded as the culmination of working-class discontent with new laws passed by Congress that year to draft men to fight in the ongoing American Civil War. |
| Robert E. Lee | commander of the Northern Army of Virginia; noted tacticain and strategist; surrender 1865 |
| George McClellan | American soldier, civil engineer, railroad executive, and politician.;was meticulous in his planning and preparations, these very characteristics hampered his ability to challenge aggressive opponents in a fast-moving battlefield environment. |
| Anaconda Plan | military strategy proposed by Union General Winfield Scott early in the American Civil War. The plan called for a naval blockade of the Confederate littoral, a thrust down the Mississippi, and the strangulation of the South by Union land and naval forces. |
| Border State | any of the slave states that bordered the northern free states during the US Civil War.; (such as Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, Kentucky, or Missouri) |
| Battle of Bull Run | also known as Battle of First Manassas, (21 July 1861), the first major battle of the American Civil War |
| Stonewall Jackson | a Confederate lieutenant general in the Civil War. He won his nickname at the Battle of First Bull Run (First Manassas), but it was his actions at Harpers Ferry in 1861, his 1862 Shenandoah Valley Campaign, and the flanking maneuver at the Battle of Chancellorsville that made him a military legend. |
| George McClellan | an American soldier, civil engineer, railroad executive, and politician; appointed to the rank of major general and played an important role in raising a well-trained and organized army, which would become the Army of the Potomac |
| Ulysses Grant | as Supreme commander of union forces he defeated the Confederate army in 1865: later a President |
| Battle of Shiloh | also known as the Battle of Pittsburg Landing) was a battle in the Western Theater of the American Civil War, fought April 6–7, 1862, in southwestern Tennessee. |
| Contraband | a term commonly used in the United States military during the American Civil War to describe a new status for certain escaped slaves or those who affiliated with Union forces |
| Battle of Antietam | a.k.a. Battle of Sharpsburg, resulted in not only the bloodiest day of the American Civil War, but the bloodiest single day in all of American history |
| Emancipation Proclamation | freed slaves in territories in rebellion against the union |
| Militia Act | that allowed African-Americans to participate as war laborers and soldiers |
| 54th Massachusetts Regiment | The unit was the first African-American regiment organized in the northern states during the Civil War. |
| Income Tax Act | levied taxes on people to pay for union war effort; law was repealed in 1872 and declared to be unconstitutional. |
| Bond | debt securities issued by a government to finance military operations and other expenditure in times of war. |
| Homestead Act | a special act of Congress (1862) that made public lands in the West available to settlers without payment, usually in lots of 160 acres, to be used as farms. |
