| A | B |
|---|
| Pope Alexander 6 | aided papal states, militarily and politically, son Cesare Borgia |
| King Charles 8 | invaded Italy, started Italian and European power politics; captured Rome, Florence, and Naples |
| Louis 12 | heir to french throne, formed League of Cambrai w/pope and Maximillion, Holy Roman Empire |
| Pope Leo 10 | called on Spanish and German armies to expell Frenchmen from Italy |
| Charles 5 | successor to Maximillion as Holy Roman Emperor |
| Pope Nicholas 5 | planned Vatican Library |
| Pope Sixtus 4 | built Vatican Library |
| Giovanni Boccaccio | Florentine who wrote The Decameron, which didnt have customary theme of contempt for the world |
| Pope Julius II | tore down St. Peter's Basiclia, made new one |
| Giorgio Vasari | wrote 'air of Florence' made ppl artistic to explain great outpouring of art from there |
| Fillipo Bruneschelli | drew art w/perspective |
| Pietro Aretino | prolific letter writer, humanist, satirizer of princes, commended Michelangelo |
| Ghiberti | gloated over victory to design bronze doors of the baptistry |
| Cosimo de' Medici | called artists "divine" implying that they shared in God's power |
| Perter Paul Vergerio | wrote Uvertinus bout rules of education and training |
| Sofonisba Anguissola, Artemisia Gentilieschi | internationally renown for their paintings and were women |
| Isabella Andreini | renown actress |
| Wiliam the Conqueror | decreed that ne man that rapes a woman b castrated |
| Bernardo of Siena | Franciscan who condemned sodomy |
| Thomas More | wrote Utopia, original idea for 1500's |
| Desidirus Erasmus | wrote book, themes were education means reform and Christ's philosophy, ex: Sermon on the Mount |
| Francois Rebelais | wrote comedic masterpieces w/both humor and meaning |
| Rogier van der Wyden and Jan van Eyck | were considered equals of Italian painters |
| Jerome Bosch | Flemish painter who combined religous themes w/grotesque fantasies |
| new monarchs | Louis 11- France, Henry 7- England, Ferndinand- Spain |
| Charles 7 | revived French monarchy, expelled Englis armies, fixed civil disuptes, gave more power to middle class, new tax, first army, gave power to Crown |
| Louis 11 | obssesed w/money, encouraged new industries and merchants, spent money on army |
| Henry 4 | indulged in violence and aided to disasters fo 14th century |
| Richard III | worked to crush nobility, strenthen royal prestige, and bring about peace |
| Edward 4 | worked on forgein policy, avoided wars so wansnt supported by Parliament which was controlled by the nobility |
| Henry 7 | mistrusted nobles so advisors were men from middle or landowning class, when he died, country was economically and politically stable, had good revenues, and royal prestige was goos |
