| A | B |
|---|
| feudalism | king grants nobles land to use in exchange for loyalty, military service, and protection of people on the land |
| common law | Enlgish law based on customs and principles established over time and not by a ruler or legislature |
| Magna Carta | A document that guaranteed basic poltical rights drawn up by nobles and signed by King John in A.D. 1215 |
| due process of law | following the law by using established legal principles that protect individual rights |
| parliament | a body of representatives that makes laws for a nation |
| divine right | the idea that kings represent God on earth and the king answers only to God |
| Glorious Revolution | the bloodless overthrow of the English King Jame II and his replacement by William and Mary |
| constitutional monarchy | a kingdom in which the ruler's power is limited by law |
| bill of rights | a formal summary of the rights and liberties considered essential to the people |
| Act of Supremacy, 1534 | England's Parliament made the king the supreme head of the Church of England |
| Spain and France | rivals of England for world power and Catholic kingdoms |
| Anglican Church | church of Henry VIII and Elizabeth I that was not very different from the Catholic Church |
| Puritans | Calvinists who wanted simpler forms of worship and no government influence in religion |
| Stuart kings | successors to Elizabeth I and the Tutors; tried to rule absolutely by divine right |
| Eleven Years of Tyranny, 1629-1640 | Charles I ruled without consent of Parliament |
| Oliver Cromwell | General, Roundhead, Lord Protector, ruled with Rump Parliament and then no Parliament as Puritan military dictator |
| Restoration | After Cromwell's rule, Parliament recalled legitimate heir, Charles II to rule. |
| Whigs | political group that did not want a Catholic king of England |
| Tories | political group that wanted to follow the lawful succession of kings to the throne of England |
| William of Orange and Mary | monarch and daughter of King James II who come to power in the Glorious Revolution |
| John Locke | defender of Glorious Revolution; believer in natural rights |
| Lockes' natural rights | rights people were born with--life, liberty,and property |
| Locke's contract with government | mutual obligations: government protect people and people act reasonably to government. |
| Exclusion Bill | barred James from throne if he professed Catholicism; caused two political parties to form |
| Toleration Act of 1689 | Allowed Puritans but not Catholics to worship freely in public |
| English Bill of Rights, 1689 | Parliament became legislature and oversaw use of army; citizens had right to keep arms and have jury trials |
| Cavaliers or Royalists | supporters of the king in the English civil war |
| Oliver Cromwell | leader of the New Model Army of Puritans |
| commonwealth | republic without monarchy and House of Lords after the execution of Charles I in 1649 |
| Two Treatises of Government, 1690 | John Locke's political work |
