| A | B |
|---|
| Fiber | what is spun into yarns |
| Textile | anything made from fibers |
| Fabric | woven or knitted from yarns |
| Apparel | clothing |
| Natural Fiber | Come from either plants or animals |
| Cellulosic Fiber | plant derived |
| Protein Fiber | Come from animal sources |
| Manufactured Fiber | Manmade or created in a laboratory. Can be made into staple or filament fibers. |
| Abrasion Resistance | a worn spot that can develop when fibers rub against something. (Pilling- tiny balls of fiber on the fabric.) |
| Absorbancy | Ability to take in moisture. |
| Durability | refers to how long you will be able to wear or use a particular garment or item. |
| Hand | Is the way a fiber, yarn, or fabric feels when handled. |
| Elasticity | Is the ability to increase in length when under tension (elongation) and then return to the original length when released (recovery). |
| Resiliency | able to spring or bounce back into shape after crushing or wrinkling. |
| Strength | ability to withstand tension or pulling. |
| Warmth | ability of a fiber to maintain body heat of wearer |
| Wicking | ability to draw moisture away from the body so the moisture can evaporate. |
| Weave | The process of interlacing one or more sets of yarns at right angles on a loom. |
| Knit | the process of pulling loops of yarns through other loops to create interlocking rows of stitches |
| Fiber Dyeing | Involves dyeing the fibers before they are spun into yarns. Advantages include: Good colorfastness Uniform color throughout fiber Clear, rich colors |
| Yarn Dyeing | Involves dyeing the yarns before weaving or knitting them into fabric. Advantages include: Good color absorption |
| Piece Dyeing | Involves dyeing the fabric after it is woven or knitted. Advantages include: Most common dyeing method Lease expensive Very fast |
| Garment Dyeing | Involves dyeing the garments to fill retail orders for requested colors. Advantages include: This method is gaining in popularity. Garment producers can wait and dye only the colors ordered by stores. |
| Roller Printing | Color for the design is applied to fabric as it goes through a series of rollers. Rollers are engraved (carved) with the design to be printed. Each color has a different roller. Advantages include: Simple and fast Inexpensive Most common printing method |
| Screen Printing | Done on flat screen frames and is similar to stenciling. Each color has its own screen. Advantages include: Good for large designs Better quality designs than roller printing method |
| Rotary Screen Printing | A combination of roller and screen printing. Dye is transferred through screens that roll over the fabric. Advantages include: Can print large designs Accurate and fast This method is gaining in popularity. |
| Heat Transfer Printing | The desired dyes and patterns are placed onto paper using a rotary screen printer. The paper is placed on the fabric and with heat and pressure the colors and patterns are transferred to the fabric. T-shirts are printed using this method. Like a “temporary tattoo” for fabric |
| Digital Printing | The newest method of fabric printing. It is like ink-jet printing with a computer but rolls the fabric through an extra-wide printer. Droplets of color are “spit” onto the fabric. Advantages include: Fast Inexpensive Environmentally safe Can print small or large amounts of fabric at the same time. |
| Plain Weave | The simplest weave in which the weft (crosswise) yarn is passed over then under each warp (lengthwise) yarn. Examples: chiffon gingham seersucker taffeta |
| Twill Weave | A very strong weave in which the weft yarn is passed over and under one, two, or three warp yarns. Examples: denim, chino gabardine |
| Satin Weave | A very weak weave that produces a smooth, shiny-surfaced fabric resulting from passing the weft yarn over and under numerous warp yarns to create long floats. Examples: sateen satin |
| Nonwoven Fabric | Made from fibers, not yarns Fibers are held together by a combination of moisture, heat, chemicals and/or pressure. No grain line Limited stretch Inexpensive Often disposable. Interfacings, Batting for quilts, Felt |
