| A | B |
|---|
| thylakoids | flattened membrane-bound sacs inside of chloroplasts |
| grana | thylakoids stacked like coins in columns |
| stroma | fluid matrix where thylakoids are suspended in chloroplasts |
| radiant energy | energy transmitted in waves that can travel through a vacuum |
| electromagnetic spectrum | complete range of radiant energy |
| photons | tiny packets of energy |
| pigment | molecule containing atoms that enable it to absorb light |
| chlorophyll | green pigment that is the primary light-absorbing agent for photosynthesis |
| carotenoids | capture energy from light of different wavelengths than those absorbed by chlorophyll |
| photosystem I | boost electrons to a higher energy state by absorbing light with a wavelength of 700 nm |
| photosystem II | boost electrons by absorbing more energetic light with the slightly shorter wavelength of 680 nm |
| reaction center | where "a" molecules are located |
| electron transport chain | series of membrane-bound protein and pigment molecules |
| ATP synthetase | ATP generating protein channel |
| reducing power | ready supply of hydrogen atoms |
| NADPH | reduced form of NADP+ |
| NADP+ | coenzyme that carries hydrogen atoms and energy from one place to another in a cell |
| carbon fixation | The reaction that "fix" carbon to build organic molecules |
| Calvin cycle | Most common carbon fixing pathway |
| aerobic | metabolic processes that require oxygen |
| anaerobic | metabolic processes that do not require oxygen |
| glycolosis | a sequence of enzyme-catalyzed reactions that converts a six-carbon glucos molecule into two three-carbon moleculesof pyruvate |
| oxidative respiration | when oxygen is present--->reactions of this drive the production of large amounts of ATP |
| acetyl-CoA | result of acetyl and coenzyme A |
| Krebs Cycle | repeating series of reactions that produces ATP, electron carriers, and carbon dioxide |
| fermentation | happens when oxygen is not present---->the process in which electrons from glycolysis are added to organic molecules |
