| A | B |
|---|
| What are the building blocks of all matter? | atoms |
| Which type of subatomic particle is not found in the nucleus of an atom | electrons |
| Neutrons have a ___ charge | neutral (no) charge |
| Each element is different because they have a different number of ____. | protons |
| The ____ number is equal to the number of protons in an atom. | atomic number |
| The ____ number is equal to the number of protons + the number of neutrons. | mass number |
| The mass number is equal to the number of ____ | protons and neutrons |
| Each different element has a different number of _____ in their nucleus. | protons |
What is "B" pointing to?,  | The nucleus, |
| ________ are atoms of the same element that have different atomic masses. | Isotopes |
The number 19 on the periodic table box below is the ____ of potassium.,  | atomic number, |
| The number 39.0938 is the _____ of potassium., | average atomic mass (Remember, average atomic mass is the weighted average mass of all the isotopes of an element) |
| How many electrons can the energy level that is closest to the nucleus hold? | 2 |
| What is the maximum number of electrons that can be held in most electrons shells/energy levels (other than the one closest to the nucleus) | 8 |
| If you had an atom with 6 electrons, how many of them would be valence electrons? | 4 (the first 2 electrons would go in the first energy level, closest to the nucleus, while the last 4 electrons would go in the second energy level. Since the second energy level is the outermost energy level, all of the electrons in that energy level are called valence electrons) |
| The element that forms the backbone of organic molecules is ___. | carbon |
| Two or more elements bond together to form ____. | compounds |
| A compound which has bonds formed by sharing electrons is called a ___. | molecule (technically, a molecule like oxygen which is made of two oxygen atoms is also a molecule because it is held together with covalent bonds, but it is not a compound because it does not have two or more different elements in it) |
| How many oxygen atoms are in H20? (The two is supposed to be a small subscript) | One (there are two hydrogens) |
| In a chemical equation, the _____ are on the left side of the arrow. | reactants |
| In a chemical equation, the ___ are on the right side of the arrow. | products |
What are the products of photosynthesis?, 
| food (usually glucose) and oxygen,  |
| What are the reactants of photosynthesis?,
| water and carbon dioxide, |
| What are the waste products of cellular respiration?,
| carbon dioxide and water,  ,
|
| A reaction that requires more energy than it gives off is called an ___ reaction. | endothermic,
|
| Burning wood is an example of an ____ reaction. | exothermic (because it gives off more energy than is needed to get it started),
|
| Photosynthesis is an example of an ___ reaction.,
| endothermic (because it requires more energy than it gives off),
|
How many phosphorus atoms are in the compound whose chemical formula is shown below?,  | One (The subscripts that come after the element's chemical symbol tell you how many atoms there are. The 3 tells you that there are 3 hydrogen atoms and the 4 tells you that there are 4 oxygen atoms. If there is no number, then it is assumed that there is one atom), |
How many oxygen atoms are in the compound whose chemical formula is shown below?,  | Two (The subscripts that come after a chemical symbol tell you how many atoms of that element there are. In this case, since the subscript comes after a parentheses, it applies to both the oxygen and the hydrogen in parenthesis. It is written this way to show you that there are two hydroxide groups (OH) attached to the calcium atom, as shown in the picture below.),  |
| Atoms or molecules that become charged because they gain or lose electrons are called ___. | ions |
| A uniform mixture of substances is know as a ___. | solution |
| In a solution of sugar and water, the sugar would be the ___. | solute |
| In a solution of sugar and water, the water would be the _____. | solvent |
| As temperature ____, particles move faster and faster | increases |
| A(n) ______ is any substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without being changed by the reaction. | catalyst,
|
| A biological catalyst is known as ____.,
| an enzyme,
|
| If an atom gains electrons to fill its outer shell, it will become an ion with a ____ charge. | negative (Remember, atoms are neutrally charged with an equal number of protons and electrons. If they gain more electrons, they will have more negatively charged electrons than positively charged protons, which is why they become negatively charged ions) |
| If an atom loses electrons to get rid of its outer shell electrons so that the shell that is one level closer becomes its new outer shell and is already full, it will become an ion with a ____ charge. | positive (Remember, atoms are neutrally charged with the same number of positively charged protons as negatively charged electrons. If they lose negatively charged electrons, they will now have more positively charged protons than negatively charged electrons, which means that they will have an overall positive charge) |
| The phase of matter that has neither a definite volume or shape is the ____ phase. | gas |
| The phase of matter that has a definite volume but will change shape to conform to the shape of the container it is in is called the ____ phase. | liquid |
| The phase of matter that has definite volume and a fixed shape is called the _____ phase. | solid |
| True or false: All catalysts are also enzymes. | False (All enzymes are catalysts, because they speed up chemical reactions without being changed themselves, but not all catalysts are enzymes. Enzymes are a special type of catalyst made out of organic molecules inside cells. Enzymes are a type of catalyst, just like a Ferrari is a type of car. All Ferraris are cars, but unfortunately, not all cars are Ferraris.) |
| Acidic solutions have a pH that is ____ seven. | below |
| Basic solutions have a pH that is ___ seven. | above |
| Distilled water has a pH of ___. | seven |
| Electrons gain potential energy when they move ____ from the nucleus. | away |
| Single covalent bonds share ___ electrons. | 2 |
| Double covalent bonds share ___ electrons. | 4 |
| Triple covalent bonds share ___ pair(s) of electrons between the two atoms involved. | three pairs (6 electrons total) |
The picture below shows the formation of a(n) _____ bond.,  | ionic, |
| A weak attraction between hydrogen in one molecule and either an oxygen or nitrogen atom in another molecule is called a(n) _____ bond. | hydrogen bond |
| Bonds in which the electrons between two atoms are shared about equally are called _____. | nonpolar covalent bonds |
| Bonds in which the electrons between two atoms are not SHARED equally (because one atom's nucleus has a much stronger attraction for electrons) are called _____. | polar covalent bond |
| The side of a water molecule that has a partial negative charge is the ____ side. | Oxygen |
| Molecules in which the overall charge is unequally distributed, leading to parts of the molecule having a partial positive charge while other parts have a partial negative charge (like water) are called ______ molecules | polar molecules |
| The fact that water molecules are attracted to each other is an example of ____. | cohesion,  |
The meniscus observed in a graduated cylinder full of water is caused by the ____ of water to the molecules that make up the glass in the cylinder.,  | adhesion, |
| Compared with most other substances, water has an unusually high ____ which explains why it can store a lot of energy and it takes a lot of energy to change its temperature. | specific heat |
| Water reaches its greatest density at ___ degrees Celsius. | 4 (So in a cold lake in the winter where the warmest water is 4 degrees Celsius, the warmest water would be found at the bottom of the lake and the coldest at the top. In the summer, the opposite happens. Water gets colder as you go deeper.),  |
| If the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution is LOWER than the concentration of hydroxide ions, the solution will be ____. | BASIC |
The substance shown below is a(n) ____ ion,  | hydroxide ion |
| The substance shown below ___ the pH of a solution., | increases |
