| A | B |
|---|
| Geology | the study of the earth's phyical structure and history |
| crust | the rocky suface layer |
| % of water on Earth | 75% |
| island | land completely surrounded by water |
| isthmus | a thin strip of land protruding into a body of water |
| faults | faults |
| Continental Drift Theory | a single "supercontinent" that started to break up into seperate continents |
| core | the center |
| continents | the large landmasses in the ocean |
| delta | triangular deposit at the mouth of a river |
| lake | large inland body of fresh or salt water |
| magma | molten rock under the Earth's surface |
| convection | Heat transfer in a gas or liquid by the circulation of currents from one region to another |
| converging | To tend toward or approach an intersecting point and to come together from different directions; meet |
| landforms | plain, mountain, valley, river |
| archipelago | a lage group of islands |
| peninsula | a piece of land that projects into a body of water |
| gulf | a large area of sea or ocean partially enclosed by land |
| butte | a flat topped hill that rises abruptly from the surrounding area |
| lava | molten rock that reaches the earth's surface through a volcano or fissure |
| plate tectonics | a theory that the earth's crust is made up of semirigid sections whose movement has resulted in seismic and volcanic activity and continental drift |
| strait | a narrow channel joining two larger bodies of water |
| spreading | a open area of land; expanse |
| faulting | to fracture the continuity of a rock formation causing a shifting or dislodging of the earth's crust |
| mantle | the layer of the earth between the crust and the core |
| relief | the variations in elevation of an area of earth's surface |
| volcano | an opening in the earth's crust through which molten lava, ash, and gases are ejected |
| sound | a large body of water, wider than a strait, usually connecting larger bodies of water |
| canyon | a narrow chasm with steep cliff walls |
| volcanism | volcanic force or activity |
| fold | to form bends in (a stratum of rock) |
| Pangea | a hypothetical supercontinent that included all the landmasses of the earth before the Triassic Period |
| Rift Valley | a geologic depression of southwest Asia and eastern Africa extending from the Jordan River valley to Mozambique |
| subduction | a geologic process in which one edge of one crustal plate is forced below the edge of another |
| Ring of Fire | an extensive zone of volcanic and seismic activity that coincides roughly with the borders of the Pacific Ocean |
| Sea Floor Spreading | the theory that th sea floor spreaded |
