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Java Games: Flashcards, matching, concentration, and word search. |
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Ch.12 and 13 flashcards, #37-48
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| signori | corrupt single leaders of the broken-up city-states in Italy |
| oligarchy | rule by a few members of a community or group |
| Cosimo de Medici | He obtained the virtual lordship of Florence in 1434 by the overthrow and expulsion of the leaders of the oligarchical faction of the Albizzi. |
| Lorenzo(the Magnificent) de Medici | Ruler of Florence, brought Savonarola out of exile, only to be attacked by him for the Medicis' decadence |
| Pope Alexander VI | Even after his ordination to the priesthood, in 1468, he continued his evil ways,Borgia, by a bare two-thirds majority secured by his own vote, was proclaimed Pope on the morning of 11 Aug., 1492, and took the name of Alexander VI. |
| Cesare Borgia | illegitimate son of Pope Alexander VI (Rodrigo Borgia). First destined for a clerical career, Cesare became the Archbishop of Valencia (Spain) and later a cardinal, but by 22 he renounced his cardinalate and became the Captain-General of the Church. Cesare Borgia was the military leader of the campaign to unite the warring states of Italy under papal hegemony. After Alexander's death in 1503, Cesare was imprisoned and later exiled to Spain, where he died in 1507 at the seige of Viana. |
| Savonarola | became popular for his eloquent sermons, in which he attacked the vice and worldliness of the city, as well as for his predictions (several of which, including the death date of Innocent VIII, turned out to be true). In 1491 he became prior of San Marco, and after the death of Lorenzo de' Medici, who was his enemy, and the subsequent exile of the Medici (1494) he became the real spiritual ruler of the city. He was uncompromisingly severe in his condemnation of what he considered the paganism of the times and called for a regeneration of spiritual and moral values and a devotion to asceticism.People got sick of him after a while, though, and he was hanged. |
| League of Cambrai | Pope Julius II, swiftly and effectively forged an alliance among all of Venice's neighbors, offering them an opportunity to avenge their grievances of the past and carve up all of Venice's territory among themselves. |
| HRE Charles V | In spite of the opposition of Rome, into which Charles wanted to expand, and France,which was led by his rival, Francis I, Charles was elected (28 June, 1519), and everywhere received the title of "Emperor Elect". Inherited the Hapsburg estates in Germany and proclaimed himself King of Castile in Spain. |
| Hapsburg-Valois Wars | The Valois were French, beginning with Louis XI,the Hapsburgs had lands in Austria, Spain, and Burgundy. Charles V inherited these lands, as well as Germany and Italy, as Holy Roman Emperor. Basically, Charles V and Francis I spent 1521 to 1544 having battles over land disputes, because the Hapsburgs just had so much land. |
| Petrarch | Petrarch, or Petrarca, (1304-1374) a poet, historian, and scholar, Petrarch was absorbed with the classics and introduced them to his contemporaries. He is seen as a forerunner of the Renaissance. He was a great letter writer, and wrote some odd letters to dead figures of the past |
| Leon Battista Alberti | Philosopher, architect, musician, painter and sculptorAlberti was a theoretician: he gave a scientific basis to works of art and ennobled the figure of the artist, placed painting, sculpture and architecture on the same level as literature and philosophy. The craftsman became an intellectual. |
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