| A | B |
|---|
| Geology | The study of the earth’s physical structure and history |
| Crust | The solid, rocky, surface layer of the earth |
| % of water on earth | More than 70% of the earth’s surface is covered by water |
| Island | A body of land surrounded by water |
| Isthmus | A narrow strip of land having water on each side and joining two larger bodies of land |
| Delta | When the end of a river splits |
| Lake | A body of water surounded by land |
| Magma | The lava in the earth before it erupts out of a volcanoe |
| Faults | A fracture, or break, in the earth’s crust |
| Continental Drift Theory | The idea that continents slowly shift their positions due to movement of the tectonic plates on which they ride |
| Convection | A circular movement caused when a material is heated |
| Converging (2 types) | Two plates colide and push slowly against eachother, making mountains |
| Core | The earth’s center, consisting of very hot metal that is dense and solid in the inner core and molten, or liquid, in the outer core |
| Continents | Any of the seven large landmasses of the earth’s surface: Africa, Antarctica, Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, and South America |
| Archipelago | A group of islands |
| Peninsula | A strip of land that juts out into the ocean |
| Gulf | A body of water with land on three sied of it |
| Butte | A steep hill |
| Lava | Magma or molten rock from the earth’s mantle, that breaks through the surface of the earth during volcanic activity |
| Plate tectonics | The theory that the earth’s outer shell is composed of a number of large, unanchored plates, or slabs of rock, whose constant movement explains earthquakes and volcanic activity |
| Sea Floor Spreading | When magma causes a split(rift valley)in the oceans floor |
| Spreading | When the magma inside the ocean floor comes out of a rift valley |
| Faulting | When plates grind and slide past eachother |
| Mantle | A thick layer of mostly solid rock beneath the earth’s crust that surrounds the earth’s core |
| Relief | The differences in elevation, or height, of the landforms in any particular |
| Strait | A narrow channel connecting two larger bodies of water |
| Volcano | A mountain that lets out magma, that becomes lava, after the eruption |
| Sound | A narrow path of water connecting two bodies of water, but larger thatn a staight |
| Canyon | A narrow valley with high, steep sides, usually with a strean in the middle |
| Volcanism | To be connected with volacoes, or volcanic activity |
| Fold | A bend or buckle in the earth’s crust |
| Pangaea | A big peice of land that was beleived to be all the continents pushed together. |
| Rift Valley | A large split along the crest of an underwater mountain system where small earthquakes and volcanic eruptions frequently occur |
| Subduction | When one plate slides or divides under another. |
| Ring of Fire | A ring of volcanic mountains surrounding the rim of the Pacific |
