| A | B |
|---|
| Prince Henry the Navigator | Founded sailor's school in Sagres, Portugal. |
| Bartholomeu Dias | Discovered Africa's length by 1488. |
| Vasco Da Gama | Found all-water route to India by 1498. |
| Christopher Columbus | Discovered the New World, October 12, 1492. |
| Amerigo Vespucci | Gave cartographers accurate information about continents in the New World. |
| Vasco Nunez de Balboa | Explored Panama area/first European to see Pacific Ocean. |
| Ferdinand Magellan | His expedition circumnavigated the world, 1519-1522. |
| Hernan Cortes | Conquered the Aztecs, 1519. |
| Francisco Pizarro | Conquered the Incas, 1530. |
| Alexander VI | Divided world for exploration between Spain & Portugal, 1493. |
| Treaty of Tordesillas, 1494 | Moved Pope Alexander VI's Line of Demarcation slightly west. |
| John Cabot | Discovered Newfoundland for England's Henry VII, 1497. |
| Pedro Cabral | Claimed Brazil for Portugal, 1500. |
| encomienda system | Spanish landlords collected tribute from Native Americans and used them as labor source. |
| Tenochtitlan | Aztec capital. |
| Cuzco | Inca capital. |
| caravel | Portuguese ship. |
| Afonso de Albuquerque | Defeated Muslims in Indian Ocean, 1511. |
| Bartolome de Las Casas | Jesuit supporting Indian rights, 1542. |
| peninsulares | Colonial Spanish term for one born in Spain. |
| Creole | New World-born child of peninsulares. |
| mestizo | Those of European-Amerindian ancestry. |
| Timbuktu | Mali's capital/great learning center. |
| Songhai | African tribe inhabiting Niger River area, 1492. |
| Zimbabwe | Instrumental in southern Africa's gold trade to east coast Swahili city-states.. |
| Mali | West African kingdom involved in trans-Saharan gold trade. . |
| samurai | Japan's warriors. |
| Ming | China's post-Mongol dynasty, 14th & 15th centuries. |
| Ottomans | Conquered Byzantine Empire/secured Mediterranean trade for selves, 1453. |
| Spanish Armada | Defeated by English, 1588/English supremacy on the seas thereafter. |
| Dutch Netherlands | Won independence from Spain, 1581/wealth came from warehoused items. |
| Sir Francis Drake | Raided Spanish colonies around the world for Queen Elizabeth. |
| Henry Hudson | Claimed New Netherlands for the Dutch, 1621. |
| Dutch East India Company | A joint stock company offering limited liability. |
| bullion | Gold & silver. |
| mercantilism | Belief that a nation's power rests w/its supply of bullion. |
| favorable balance of trade | Exporting more than you import. |
| triangular trade route | Trade involving Europe, Africa, & the Americas. |
| Middle Passage | Slave trade route's notorious death portion. |
| joint stock company | Limited liability investment opportunity. |
| capitalism | Free enterprise system based upon law of supply & demand. |
