| A | B |
|---|
| antioxidant | a molecule that inhibits the oxidation of other molecules |
| atherosclerosis. | a high blood cholesterol level may cause fatty deposits, or plaque, to build up on the walls of the arterie |
| cholesterol | a white, waxy, fatlike substance that is essential for normal functioning of the body |
| triglycerides | chemical form in which most fat exists in food, as well as in the body |
| unsaturated fat | a type of fat that is liquid at room temperature and comes primarily from plant sources |
| saturated fat | a type of fat that is solid at room temperature and comes primarily from animal sources |
| fats | known as lipids |
| macronutrients | nutrients needed in relatively large amounts by the body and include carbohydrates, fat, and protein |
| kilocalorie | a measurement unit of energy |
| carbohydrate | a short-term energy fuel |
| micronutrients | nutrients required in very small amounts by the body and include vitamins and minerals |
| disaccharides | simple carbohydrates consisting of two sugar units |
| monosaccharides | simple carbohydrates consisting of one sugar unit |
| vitamin | an organic compound that is required in small amounts by the body for normal growth and development |
| essential amino acids | cannot be manufactured by the body and therefore must be obtained from food |
| nonessential amino acids | they can be synthesized by the body in sufficient quantities to meet its needs |
| complete protein | a protein that contains all the essential amino acids needed by the body |
| incomplete protein | a protein that lacks one or more of the essential amino acids needed by the body |
| amino acids | protein is made up of smaller units |
| glycogen | form in which carbohydrate is stored in the body |
| gluten | Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder of the digestive tract in which the immune system launches an attack against it |
| mineral | a naturally occurring inorganic substance that is essential to the proper functioning of the body |
| lactose | milk sugar |
| fructose | fruit sugar |
| bariatrics | branch of medicine that deals with the treatment and control of obesity and diseases associated with obesity |
| Lacto vegetarian | vegetarian who consumes dairy products |
| Vegan | vegetarian who does not consume any type of animal product |
| Ovo vegetarian | vegetarian who consumes eggs |
| Lacto-ovo vegetarian | vegetarian who consumes dairy products and eggs |
| Pescetarian | vegetarian who consumes fish and shellfish |
| Pollo vegetarian | vegetarian who consumes poultry |
| Fruitarian | individual who consumes only fruits, nuts, and seeds |
| Flexitarian | individual who primarily follows a vegetarian diet but occasionally makes exceptions |
| insoluble fiber | the rough, fibrous structures of plants such as the outer coverings, seeds, and strings of plants |
| soluble fiber | dissolves in water after it has been consumed, forming a gel-like material that slows down digestion |
| nutrient | a chemical substance found in food that is needed by the body for survival and well-being |
| protein | Builds, maintains, and repairs body tissue |
| carbohydrate | Chief source of energy for the body |
| fat | 9 kcal/gram |
| nutrient density | refers to the amount of nutrients in a food compared with the amount of calories |
