| A | B |
|---|
| this landform usually rises more than 2,000 ft. above sea level | mountain |
| geographers theorize that all the land on Earth was once | one landmass (Pangea) |
| causes of weathering | ice, rain, and wind |
| The Earth's atmosphere provides these to people, animals, and plants | oxygen and carbon dioxide |
| The Earth's atmosphere holds in _____ from the Sun | heat |
| About 97% of the Earth's water is this type | salt water |
| This type of water comes from lakes, rivers, and rain or is frozen at the Poles | fresh water |
| weathering and erosion slowly create | new landforms |
| As the Earth rotates, the side facing the sun is | daytime |
| zones of latitude that don't receive direct sunlight | polar zones |
| zones of latitude that fall between the polar zones and the tropics | middle latitudes |
| when the sun is directly over the Equator | days are almost exactly as long as nights |
| June 20, 21 | summer solstice (Northern Hemisphere) |
| the sun is directly over the Tropic of Capricorn | winter solstice (Northern Hemisphere) |
| the reason the climate in the low latitudes is usually hot | receives direct sunlight all year round |
| takes one full year | a revolution of the Earth |
| moves air in an east-west direction and creates ocean currents | the Earth's rotation |
| measured by temperature and precipitation | weather |
| average weather over many years | climate |
| latitude, major landforms, wind, and water | all affect climate |
| keep the Earth from overheating by spreading the sun's heat | wind and water |
| moves air in a north-south direction | Rising hot air and sinking cold air |
| wind and water can make climates | milder |
| a danger of wind and water | they can create storms |
| deciduous trees | found in moderate and continental climates, these trees lose their leaves in fall |
| coniferous trees | these trees have needles and cones to produce seeds |
| vertical climate | type of climate found in a mountainous region |
| low grasses, mosses, lichens, and a few flowering plants grow | tundra |
| plants have shallow roots adapted to absorb scarce water before it evaporates | dry climates |
| plant features that enable them to live in their particular climate | adaptations |
| perfect growing conditions (light, heat, rain) | tropical climates |
