| A | B |
|---|
| What is a Computer? | a device that can be instructed to carry out sequences of arithmetic or logical operations automatically through computer programming |
| 4 things that all computers have | 1)Input 2)Storage 3)Processing 4)Output |
| Input | A device or part of the computer that sends information from you to the computer |
| Examples of Input devices | Microphones Keyboard Touch screen Wearable sensors Camera Scanner mouse |
| Storage | A place inside the computer to store all incoming information for temporary and long term storage so it can be processed |
| Processing | Takes the stored information and does something which it and then saves the changed information back to the storage location which can then be shared through an output device |
| Output | A device or part of the computer that sends information from the computer to YOU |
| Examples of Output Devices | monitor/display screen VR headset Printer 3D printer speakers/headphones Signal to another device like a Smart light bulb |
| Binary | A 2 digit based number system that only uses the digits 1 and 0 and is based on multiples of 2 |
| Decimal | A 10 digit based number system (like the one we use every day) |
| 1 in binary | Yes True On |
| 0 in binary | No False Off |
| Computer Process in Binary | All information from input devices are translated to binary, then processed and translated to decimal to send to output devices |
| Software | The code and programs that allow the computer to run |
| Hardware | The physical devices that make up the computer |
| Bit | a single 1 or 0 or a single bit of information |
| Byte | 8 bits (aka 8 1s or 0s) |
| Kilobyte | 1000 bytes of data (8,000 bits) |
| Megabyte | 1000 kilobytes (8,000,000 bits) |
| Gigabyte | 1000 megabytes (8,000,000,000 bits) |
| Terrabyte | 1000 gigabytes (8,000,000,000,000 bits) |
| CPU | Central Processing Unit, Brains of the computer, Master chip that controls all of the other parts of the computer |
| Operating System | The master program that manages how software uses the hardware of a computer |
| operating system examples | Windows 10, MacOSX, Linux, Android OS, iOS |
| RAM | stores the code and data that are being actively accessed by the CPU Short term memory on the computer the more RAM on a computer, the more tasks the computer can perform at the same time |
| Hard Drive | The long term memory of your computer It is the main storage location on your computer. |
| 2 Types of Hard Drives | HDD and SDD |
| SSD | Solid state hard drives Have no moving parts More expensive Best for laptops and mobile devices |
| HDD | Hard disk drives Have moving parts that can break easily Best for desktop computers |
| Fixed Media (storage/hard drive) | storage media that is part of the computer |
| Removable Media (storage/hard drive) | storage media that can be connected to the computer temporarily like USB pens/flash drives, external hard drives, SD cards... |
| Motherboard | the main component inside the case. It is a large rectangular board with integrated circuitry that connects the other parts of the computer as well as any peripherals connected via the ports or the expansion slots. |
| Graphics Card (GPU) | Sends information from the CPU, Hard Drive, RAM, and program to the monitor/screen Gaming computers need higher performance graphics cards than computers for school or work |
| Case | the plastic or metal enclosure that covers all of the components of the computer |
| Power Supply | powers the computer from the electrical outlet or battery |
| Peripherals | any device that is connected to a computer but not inside the computer case itself Can included wired, bluetooth, or wireless peripheral devices examples, printers, mice, external keyboards, smart devices, external web cams,... |
| What is a supercomputer? | Faster, more powerful than a typical computer and uses thousands to millions of processors to work simultaneously to calculate Usually needs special cooling systems to keep from overheating Usually requires a huge amount of electrical energy to run |
| How do supercomputers process information | by using parallel processing |
| what is parallel processing | Divides tasks into pieces and works on many tasks at the same time by different nodes or groups of processors in the supercomputer |
| invented supercomputers | Seymour Cray |
| Fastest supercomputer as of 2022 | Supercomputer Fugaku |
| supercomputers speed measurement | FLOPS |
| Speed of Supercomputer Fugaku | 537,212 TFLOPS |
