| A | B |
|---|
| Matter | Anything that has mass and takes up space. |
| Substance | All particles are identical. It can be either an element or a compound. |
| Element | Simplest form of matter that are listed on the periodic table. |
| Compound | Two or more elements chemically combined in a fixed proportion. |
| Mixture | Two or more substances physically combined. |
| Homogeneous Mixture | Mixture in which components are evenly distributed. Ex. Salt dissolved in water. |
| Heterogeneous Mixture | Mixture in which components are not mixed well and unevenly distributed. Ex: muddy water. |
| Solution | Another name for homogeneous mixture. |
| Melting point | Temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid. |
| Boiling point | Temperature at which a liquid becomes a gas. |
| Viscosity | A fluid's resistance to flow, in other words, how thick a liquid is. |
| Solubility | A measure of how well something dissolves. |
| Solute | A substance that is being dissolved. Usually a solid like sugar or salt. |
| Solvent | A substance that is doing the dissolving. Usually a liquid such as water. |
| Solution | A mixture of a solute and a solvent. Such as sugar water. |
| Density | Measure of compactness or consistency of a material. Density is mass divided by volume. |
| Chemical properties | Properties that can only be observed or measured by changing the chemical identity of a substance. Ex: burning, radioactivity, combustibility. |
| Combustibility | Property that measures how easily a substance will set on fire. |
| Reactivity | Property that measures how easily a substance reacts, usually with an acid or base. |
| Oxidation | Property that measures how easily a substance reacts with oxygen. Ex: rusting or tarnishing |
| Physical change | A change in a substance that only affects its physical property. |
| Chemical change | A change in a substance that only affects its chemical properties. A chemical reaction occurs and a few substance is formed. |
| Chemical reaction | Process by which the atoms of one or more substances are rearranged to form different substances. |
| Law of conservation of matter | Matter is neither created or destroyed during a chemical change. It only changes forms. |
| Evidence of chemical change | Signs that such as light, gas, smell, color or solid are formed during a chemical reaction. |
| Physical properties | Properties that can be observed directly or measured without changing the chemical identity of the substance. Ex: boiling, cutting, melting |
| Thermal Energy | The sum of the kinetic and potential energy of particles in an object. |
| Kinetic Energy | Energy in motion |
| Potential Energy | Stored energy |
| Temperature | Measure of the average kinetic energy of particles in an object. |
| Solid | Fixed volume and fixed shape, particles are tightly packed together, low kinetic energy. |
| Liquid | Fixed volume but shape changes based on container it is in. Particles flow and slightly higher kinetic energy. |
| Gas | No fixed volume or shape, particles are spread out and has high kinetic energy. |
| Plasma | Matter composed of positively and negatively charged particles with extremely high kinetic energy. |
| Absolute Zero | Temperature at which particles stops moving. |
| Heat of fusion | The amount of energy needed to turn a solid into a liquid at its melting point. |
| Heat of vaporization | The amount of energy needed to turn a liquid into a gas sat its boiling point. |
| Vaporization | Transition from liquid to gas. |
| Evaporation | Caused by pressure change and only occurs at the surface of a liquid. |
| Boiling | Caused by temperature change and occurs throughout the liquid. |
| Heating curve | A diagram that shows the state transitions a substance goes through as heat energy is added to it. |
