| A | B |
|---|
| dictator | person who takes complete charge of a government |
| republic | government in which people elect a representative to rule |
| emperor | supreme ruler of the Roman Empire |
| Senate | part of the assembly that only patricians could be a part of |
| persecute | treating people in a cruel and harmful way |
| patrician | Roman landowner who had power, property, and money |
| gladiator | Roman professional fighter |
| alliance | union between nations for assistance and protection |
| Pax Romana | 200 years of Roman peace |
| Vesuvius | volcano that buried the city of Pompeii |
| Mediterranean climate | hot, dry summers; cool, rainy winters |
| continental climate | warm, rainy summers; near-freezing winters |
| plebeian | a Roman merchant, artisan, laborer, soldier, or farmer |
| rebel | to fight against |
| Jupiter | sky-god of thunder and lightning |
| Juno | Jupiter's wife who protected women and marriages |
| Mars | god of war |
| Ceres | goddess of crops |
| Saturn | god of the harvest |
| Gauls | Celts |
| King Pyrrhus | Greek king to first use elephants in war |
| Hannibal | Carthaginian general most famous for using elephants in war |
| punic | from the Latin word for "Phoenician" |
| Spartacus | a gladiator who led a great slave rebellion |
| assassination | murder through a secret or surprise attack |
| emperor | supreme ruler of the Roman Empire |
| disciples | followers of a teacher |
| parables | stories that teach a lesson |
| persecution | to be treated in a harmful or cruel way for one's beliefs |
| Romance languages | languages that grew out of Latin |
| Alps and Apennines | two important mountain ranges in Italy |
| Tiber and Po | two important rivers in Italy |
| Sardinia and Sicily | two important islands off the coast of Italy |
| Virgil | Rome's greatest poet; wrote about Rome's origins |
| The Aeneid | one of Virgil's famous poems |
| Horace | Roman poet who wrote personal poetry |
| Cicero | Roman political leader; known for using good Latin |
| Golden Age of Roman Literature | 80 BC to 17 AD |
| Pantheon | domed temple that served as a model for others |
| Appian Way | famous Roman road connecting Rome with southern Italy |
