| A | B |
|---|
| strait | narrow passage linking two bodies of water |
| icon | painting of a holy person |
| patriarch | leader of the church of Constantinope |
| schism | split |
| Justinian | important emperor of Byzantium |
| Moscow | city from which Prince Igor of Russia tried unsuccessfully to invade Byzantium |
| Rome | capital of western Roman Empire |
| Constantinople | capital of the Byzantine Empire |
| Venice | Italian city that controlled Constantinope during its declining years |
| Nomad | person who moves often from one area to another |
| prophet | person who carried God's message |
| hijra | movement of early Muslims from Mecca to Yathrib |
| Muhammad | prophet who received and spread the messages from God which became the Muslim faith |
| Khadijah | Muhammad's wife |
| Mecca | crossroads of trade where Muhammad grew up |
| Medina | city where Muhammad fled after Meccans rejected his teachings |
| Muezzin | man who calls Muslims to prayer |
| mosque | Muslim house of worship |
| Ramadan | month in Muslim calendar during which fasting occurs |
| hajj | pilgrimage to Mecca |
| Quran | Muslim sacred book |
| Shities | minority of Muslims who believe religious leaders must be direct descendants of Muhammad |
| Sunni | Majority of Muslims who believe any religious Mulim can lead a community |
| caliph | chief ruler of Islam |
| patron | supporter |
| tolerance | acceptance |
| Omar Khayyam | Muslim poet, astronomer, and mathematician |
| Harun ar-Rashed | caliph of Baghdad and great patron of the arts |
| Maimonides | Jewish doctor and philosopher during Islam's golden age |
| Baghdad | capital of the Muslim empire during Islam's golden age |
