| A | B |
|---|
| city-state | a self-governing unit made up of a city and its surrounding villages and farmland |
| bulla | football shaped clay container |
| artisan | a worker who is skilled in making a particular product by hand |
| epic | a long poem in dignified language that tells the story of a hero |
| polytheism | belief in more then one God |
| pictographs | symbols of pictures that stand for words or ideas |
| nomads | one of a group of people who move with their flocks and herds as the seasons change to find water and pasture |
| cuneiform | wedge-shaped writing |
| empire | a nation and the other nations it has conquered |
| scribes | a professional writer or record keeper |
| code | an organized set of laws or rules |
| exile | enforced absence froms one's own country |
| Nebuchadnezzar | punished the Jews of Judah severely upon refusing to pay taxes |
| Shamshi-Adad | built the Assyrian Empire into a trade and military power |
| Hammurabi | developed and made public an organized system of laws |
| Sargon | created the world's first empire by conquering the Sumerian city-states |
| delta | triangle of marshy wetlands |
| cataracts | waterfall and rapids |
| tribute | gift or payment to show respect or admiration |
| hieroglyphics | Egyptian writing found on the Rosetta Stone |
| obelisk | enormous granite pillar |
| Pharaoh | great house |
| Ramses II | built a temple with four huge statues of himself at Abu-Simbel |
| Hatshepsut | was supposed to be a temporary ruler but seized power |
| Kashta | led kush in breaking away from Egyptian control |
| Thutmose III | placed great imoortance on expanding Egypt's empire through military conuest |
| Shabaka | ruled Egypt as the first Kushite Pharaoh |
